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When multiple LLM-based code agents independently implement parts of the same class, they must agree on shared internal representations, even when the specification leaves those choices implicit. We study this coordination problem across 51…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Camilo Chacón Sartori

As autonomous coding agents see rapid adoption, their evaluation has primarily focused on task completion rates holding the target codebase fixed. This leaves a critical question unanswered: does the structural and stylistic quality, or…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Priyansh Trivedi , Olivier Schmitt

Multi-agent systems face a fundamental coordination problem: agents must coordinate despite heterogeneous preferences, asymmetric stakes, and imperfect information. When coordination fails, friction emerges: measurable resistance…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Murad Farzulla

Multi-agent Large Language Model (LLM) systems have emerged as powerful architectures for complex task decomposition and collaborative problem-solving. However, their long-term behavioral stability remains largely unexamined. This study…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Abhishek Rath

Monitoring coding agents for dangerous behavior using language models requires classifying transcripts that often exceed 500K tokens, but prior agent monitoring benchmarks rarely contain transcripts longer than 100K tokens. We show that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Sam Martin , Fabien Roger

Large language model safety is usually assessed with static benchmarks, but key failures are dynamic: value drift under distribution shift, jailbreak attacks, and slow degradation of alignment in deployment. Building on a recent Second Law…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Samih Fadli

Emergent multi-agent communication protocols are very different from natural language and not easily interpretable by humans. We find that agents that were initially pretrained to produce natural language can also experience detrimental…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Jason Lee , Kyunghyun Cho , Douwe Kiela

AI-for-Code (AI4Code) systems are reshaping software engineering, with tools like GitHub Copilot accelerating code generation, translation, and vulnerability detection. Alongside these advances, however, security risks remain pervasive:…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Qilong Wu , Taoran Li , Tianyang Zhou , Varun Chandrasekaran

Safety evaluation for advanced AI systems assumes that behavior observed under evaluation predicts behavior in deployment. This assumption weakens for agents with situational awareness, which may exploit regime leakage, cues distinguishing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Igor Santos-Grueiro

Atomicity violations in interrupt-driven programs pose a significant threat to software reliability in safety-critical systems. These violations occur when the execution sequence of operations on shared resources is disrupted by…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Hang He , Yixing Luo , Chengcheng Wan , Ting Su , Haiying Sun , Geguang Pu

Coding agents are increasingly used as iterative development partners, but most benchmarks still evaluate one specification followed by one final assessment. This leaves out a basic question: can an agent keep its own codebase working as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Haiyang Shen , Xuanzhong Chen , Wendong Xu , Yun Ma , Liang Chen , Kuan Li

Multi-agent systems coordinate LLM-based agents to perform tasks on users' behalf. In real-world applications, multi-agent systems will inevitably interact with untrusted inputs, such as malicious Web content, files, email attachments, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Harold Triedman , Rishi Jha , Vitaly Shmatikov

When an LLM agent reads a confidential file, then writes a summary, then emails it externally, no single step is unsafe, but the sequence is a data leak. We call this safety drift: individually safe actions compounding into violations.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Aditya Dhodapkar , Farhaan Pishori

Open-ended learning frames intelligence as emerging from continual interaction with an ever-expanding space of environments. While recent advances have utilized foundation models to programmatically generate diverse environments, these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Konstantinos Mitsides , Maxence Faldor , Antoine Cully

Monitoring the chain-of-thought (CoT) of reasoning models is a promising approach for detecting covert misbehavior (i.e., hidden objectives) in code generation tasks. While large models (GPT-5, Gemini-3-Flash) can serve as effective CoT…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Nirav Diwan , Han Wang , Berkcan Kapusuzoglu , Ramin Moradi , Supriyo Chakraborty , Giri Iyengar , Sambit Sahu , Huan Zhang , Gang Wang

AI Alignment is often presented as an interaction between a single designer and an artificial agent in which the designer attempts to ensure the agent's behavior is consistent with its purpose, and risks arise solely because of conflicts…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Steve Phelps , Rebecca Ranson

As AI agents increasingly operate in complex environments, ensuring reliable, context-aware privacy is critical for regulatory compliance. Traditional access controls are insufficient because privacy risks often arise after access is…

This work mainly addresses continuous-time multiagent consensus networks where an adverse attacker affects the convergence performances of said protocol. In particular, we develop a novel secure-by-design approach in which the presence of a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-30 Marco Fabris , Daniel Zelazo

Coding agents represent a new paradigm in automated software engineering, combining the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) with tool-augmented interaction loops. However, coding agents still have severe limitations.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Tural Mehtiyev , Wesley Assunção

We stress-tested 16 leading models from multiple developers in hypothetical corporate environments to identify potentially risky agentic behaviors before they cause real harm. In the scenarios, we allowed models to autonomously send emails…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Aengus Lynch , Benjamin Wright , Caleb Larson , Stuart J. Ritchie , Soren Mindermann , Evan Hubinger , Ethan Perez , Kevin Troy