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Deficits in working memory, which includes both the ability to learn and to retain information short-term, are a hallmark of many cognitive disorders. Our study analyzes data from a neuroscience experiment on animal subjects, where…

Applications · Statistics 2025-12-23 Maria Laura Battagliola , Laura J. Benoit , Sarah Canetta , Shizhe Zhang , R. Todd Ogden

This paper examines a critical yet unexplored dimension of the AI alignment problem: the potential for Large Language Models (LLMs) to inherit and amplify existing misalignments between human espoused theories and theories-in-use. Drawing…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Tim Rogers , Ben Teehankee

In several papers published in Biological Cybernetics in the 1980s and 1990s, Kawato and colleagues proposed computational models explaining how internal models are acquired in the cerebellum. These models were later supported by…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2021-12-22 Mitsuo Kawato , Aurelio Cortese

Memory is the process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information, allowing humans to retain experiences, knowledge, skills, and facts over time, and serving as the foundation for growth and effective interaction with the world. It…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Yaxiong Wu , Sheng Liang , Chen Zhang , Yichao Wang , Yongyue Zhang , Huifeng Guo , Ruiming Tang , Yong Liu

AI systems increasingly produce fluent, correct, end-to-end outcomes. Over time, this erodes users' ability to explain, verify, or intervene. We define this divergence as the Capability-Comprehension Gap: a decoupling where assisted…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Fangzhou Lin , Qianwen Ge , Lingyu Xu , Peiran Li , Xiangbo Gao , Shuo Xing , Kazunori Yamada , Ziming Zhang , Haichong Zhang , Zhengzhong Tu

We investigate the impact of hallucinations and Cognitive Forcing Functions in human-AI collaborative content-grounded data generation, focusing on the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) to assist in generating high quality conversational…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Zahra Ashktorab , Qian Pan , Werner Geyer , Michael Desmond , Marina Danilevsky , James M. Johnson , Casey Dugan , Michelle Bachman

There are two major types of uncertainty one can model. Aleatoric uncertainty captures noise inherent in the observations. On the other hand, epistemic uncertainty accounts for uncertainty in the model -- uncertainty which can be explained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-10-06 Alex Kendall , Yarin Gal

The rapid advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have largely been driven by scaling deep neural networks (DNNs) - increasing model size, data, and computational resources. Yet performance is ultimately governed by network dynamics. The…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-02-23 Simon Vock , Christian Meisel

We investigate whether Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit human-like cognitive patterns under four established frameworks from psychology: Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), Framing Bias, Moral Foundations Theory (MFT), and Cognitive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Akash Kundu , Rishika Goswami

This paper summarizes some of the technical background, research ideas, and possible development strategies for achieving machine common sense. Machine common sense has long been a critical-but-missing component of Artificial Intelligence…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-10-18 David Gunning

Traditionally, the way one evaluates the performance of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) system is via a comparison to human performance in specific tasks, treating humans as a reference for high-level cognition. However, these comparisons…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-11-25 Camilo M. Signorelli , Xerxes D. Arsiwalla

While advancing rapidly, Artificial Intelligence still falls short of human intelligence in several key aspects due to inherent limitations in current AI technologies and our understanding of cognition. Humans have an innate ability to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Apoorv Singh

Recent studies of the applications of conversational AI tools, such as chatbots powered by large language models, to complex real-world knowledge work have shown limitations related to reasoning and multi-step problem solving. Specifically,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Nova Spivack , Sam Douglas , Michelle Crames , Tim Connors

Around one third of the point-like sources in the Fermi-LAT catalogs remain as unidentified sources (unIDs) today. Indeed, these unIDs lack a clear, univocal association with a known astrophysical source. If dark matter (DM) is composed of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-02-21 V. Gammaldi , B. Zaldívar , M. A. Sánchez-Conde , J. Coronado-Blázquez

When artificial intelligence mistakes memorization for intelligence, it creates a dangerous mirage of reasoning. Existing studies treat memorization and self-knowledge deficits in LLMs as separate issues and do not recognize an intertwining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Sahil Kale

Deep neural networks (DNNs) detect patterns in data and have shown versatility and strong performance in many computer vision applications. However, DNNs alone are susceptible to obvious mistakes that violate simple, common sense concepts…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Youngwon Choi , M. Wasil Wahi-Anwar , Matthew S. Brown

Harm reporting in Artificial Intelligence (AI) currently lacks a structured process for disclosing and addressing algorithmic flaws, relying largely on an ad-hoc approach. This contrasts sharply with the well-established Coordinated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Sven Cattell , Avijit Ghosh , Lucie-Aimée Kaffee

We study functional activity in the human brain using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and recently developed tools from network science. The data arise from the performance of a simple behavioural motor learning task. Unsupervised…

While foundation models have achieved remarkable results across a diversity of domains, they still rely on human-generated data, such as text, as a fundamental source of knowledge. However, this data is ultimately the product of human…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-01-21 Maël Donoso

Cognitive diagnosis model (CDM) is a fundamental and upstream component in intelligent education. It aims to infer students' mastery levels based on historical response logs. However, existing CDMs usually follow the ID-based embedding…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Yuanhao Liu , Shuo Liu , Yimeng Liu , Jingwen Yang , Hong Qian