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To deliver high-quality, personalized responses, large language models (LLMs) must effectively incorporate context -- personal, demographic, and cultural information specific to an end-user. For example, asking the model to explain Newton's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Jerry Zhi-Yang He , Sashrika Pandey , Mariah L. Schrum , Anca Dragan

The inability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to modulate their personality expression in response to evolving dialogue dynamics hinders their performance in complex, interactive contexts. We propose a model-agnostic framework for dynamic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Leon Pielage , Ole Hätscher , Mitja Back , Bernhard Marschall , Benjamin Risse

Large Language Models (LLMs) are integral to applications such as conversational agents and content creation, where precise control over a model's personality is essential for maintaining tone, consistency, and user engagement. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Seojin Hwang , Yumin Kim , Byeongjeong Kim , Donghoon Shin , Hwanhee Lee

A long-standing challenge in developing accurate recommendation models is simulating user behavior, mainly due to the complex and stochastic nature of user interactions. Towards this, one promising line of work has been the use of Large…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Himanshu Thakur , Eshani Agrawal , Smruthi Mukund

Can large language models reliably express a human-like personality, or are they merely mimicking surface cues without a stable underlying profile? To investigate this, we induce personality in LLMs by fine-tuning them on the long-form…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Prateek Rajput , Yewei Song , Iyiola E. Olatunji , Jacques Klein , Tegawendé F. Bissyandé

The effectiveness of large language models (LLMs) is not only measured by their ability to generate accurate outputs but also by their calibration-how well their confidence scores reflect the probability of their outputs being correct.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Johnathan Xie , Annie S. Chen , Yoonho Lee , Eric Mitchell , Chelsea Finn

Large language models (LLMs) achieve remarkable advancements by leveraging tools to interact with environments, a critical step toward generalized AI. However, the standard supervised fine-tuning (SFT) approach, which relies on large-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Junjie Ye , Yilong Wu , Sixian Li , Yuming Yang , Zhiheng Xi , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang , Peng Wang , Zhongchao Shi , Jianping Fan , Zhengyin Du

Recent work has demonstrated the potential of contrastive steering for jailbreaking Large Language Models (LLMs). However, existing methods rely on limited and inherently biased contrastive prompts and require laborious manual tuning of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Junxi Chen , Junhao Dong , Xiaohua Xie

Understanding the inner workings of Large Language Models (LLMs) is a critical research frontier. Prior research has shown that a single LLM's concept representations can be captured as steering vectors (SVs), enabling the control of LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Youcheng Huang , Chen Huang , Duanyu Feng , Wenqiang Lei , Jiancheng Lv

Latent space steering methods provide a practical approach to controlling large language models by applying steering vectors to intermediate activations, guiding outputs toward desired behaviors while avoiding retraining. Despite their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Shawn Im , Sharon Li

Linear activation steering is a powerful approach for eliciting the capabilities of large language models and specializing their behavior using limited labeled data. While effective, existing methods often apply a fixed steering strength to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Brandon Hsu , Daniel Beaglehole , Adityanarayanan Radhakrishnan , Mikhail Belkin

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to simulate human users in interactive settings such as therapy, education, and social role-play. While these simulations enable scalable training and evaluation of AI agents, off-the-shelf…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Marwa Abdulhai , Ryan Cheng , Donovan Clay , Tim Althoff , Sergey Levine , Natasha Jaques

As language models continue to scale in size and capability, they display an array of emerging behaviors, both beneficial and concerning. This heightens the need to control model behaviors. We hope to be able to control the personality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Yixuan Weng , Shizhu He , Kang Liu , Shengping Liu , Jun Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated great potential as generalist assistants, showcasing powerful task understanding and problem-solving capabilities. To deploy LLMs as AI assistants, it is crucial that these models exhibit…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Huanqian Wang , Yang Yue , Rui Lu , Jingxin Shi , Andrew Zhao , Shenzhi Wang , Shiji Song , Gao Huang

Personalized alignments for individual users have been a long-standing goal in large language models (LLMs). We introduce Drift, a novel framework that personalizes LLMs at decoding time with implicit user preferences. Traditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Minbeom Kim , Kang-il Lee , Seongho Joo , Hwaran Lee , Thibaut Thonet , Kyomin Jung

Self-adaptive systems (SASs) are capable of adjusting its behavior in response to meaningful changes in the operational con-text and itself. The adaptation needs to be performed automatically through self-managed reactions and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-04-06 Zhuoqun Yang , Zhi Jin , Zhi Li

Effective and reliable control over large language model (LLM) behavior is a significant challenge. While activation steering methods, which add steering vectors to a model's hidden states, are a promising approach, existing techniques…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Samuel Soo , Chen Guang , Wesley Teng , Chandrasekaran Balaganesh , Tan Guoxian , Yan Ming

Current evaluations of Large Language Model (LLM) steering techniques focus on task-specific performance, overlooking how well steered representations align with human cognition. Using a well-established triadic similarity judgment task, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zach Studdiford , Timothy T. Rogers , Siddharth Suresh , Kushin Mukherjee

LLMs' performance on complex tasks is still unsatisfactory. A key issue is that presently LLMs learn in a data-driven schema, while the instructions about these complex tasks are both scarce and hard to collect or construct. On the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Yang Zhao , Li Du , Xiao Ding , Kai Xiong , Ting Liu , Bing Qin

Alignment of Large Language Models (LLMs) typically relies on Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) with gradient-based optimizers such as Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) or Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO). While…