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Current AI interaction models treat the prompt as the primary object of exchange, omitting a critical layer: the user's latent source intent, the goal state preceding and motivating the prompt. Here we introduce Intent Signal Theory (IST),…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Gang Peng

We present a probabilistic intent modeling framework for large language model (LLM) agents in multi-turn social dialogue. The framework maintains a belief distribution over a partner's latent intentions, initialized from contextual priors…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Feifan Xia , Yuyang Fang , Defang Li , Yantong Xie , Weikang Li , Yang Li , Deguo Xia , Jizhou Huang

As Decentralized Finance (DeFi) develops, understanding user intent behind DeFi transactions is crucial yet challenging due to complex smart contract interactions, multifaceted on-/off-chain factors, and opaque hex logs. Existing methods…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Qian'ang Mao , Yuxuan Zhang , Jiaman Chen , Wenjun Zhou , Jiaqi Yan

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being used to generate comprehensive, knowledge-intensive reports. However, while these models are trained on diverse academic papers and reports, they are not exposed to the reasoning processes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Xinran Zhao , Aakanksha Naik , Jay DeYoung , Joseph Chee Chang , Jena D. Hwang , Tongshuang Wu , Varsha Kishore

Large language models are able to learn new tasks in context, where they are provided with instructions and a few annotated examples. However, the effectiveness of in-context learning is dependent on the provided context, and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Afra Amini , Massimiliano Ciaramita

Intelligent agents such as robots are increasingly deployed in real-world, safety-critical settings. It is vital that these agents are able to explain the reasoning behind their decisions to human counterparts; however, their behavior is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Xijia Zhang , Yue Guo , Simon Stepputtis , Katia Sycara , Joseph Campbell

Despite the popularity of the large language models (LLMs), their application to machine translation is relatively underexplored, especially in context-aware settings. This work presents a literature review of context-aware translation with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Ramakrishna Appicharla , Baban Gain , Santanu Pal , Asif Ekbal

Agents are a special kind of AI-based software in that they interact in complex environments and have increased potential for emergent behaviour. Explaining such emergent behaviour is key to deploying trustworthy AI, but the increasing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Victor Gimenez-Abalos , Sergio Alvarez-Napagao , Adrian Tormos , Ulises Cortés , Javier Vázquez-Salceda

Large language models (LLMs) have shown great promise in machine translation, but they still struggle with contextually dependent terms, such as new or domain-specific words. This leads to inconsistencies and errors that are difficult to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Meiqi Chen , Fandong Meng , Yingxue Zhang , Yan Zhang , Jie Zhou

Many modern online services feature personalized recommendations. A central challenge when providing such recommendations is that the reason why an individual user accesses the service may change from visit to visit or even during an…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Dietmar Jannach , Markus Zanker

Large language model (LLM) agents often struggle in long-context interactions. As the agent accumulates more interaction history, context management approaches such as sliding window and prompt compression may omit earlier structured…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yating Wu , Yuhao Zhang , Sayan Ghosh , Sourya Basu , Anoop Deoras , Jun Huan , Gaurav Gupta

Large language models have become central to many AI applications, but their growing energy consumption raises serious sustainability concerns. A key limitation in current AI deployments is the reliance on a one-size-fits-all inference…

Intent detection, a core component of natural language understanding, has considerably evolved as a crucial mechanism in safeguarding large language models (LLMs). While prior work has applied intent detection to enhance LLMs' moderation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Jun Zhuang , Haibo Jin , Ye Zhang , Zhengjian Kang , Wenbin Zhang , Gaby G. Dagher , Haohan Wang

The development of sophisticated artificial intelligence (AI) conversational agents based on large language models raises important questions about the relationship between human norms, values, and practices and AI design and performance.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Rachel Katharine Sterken , James Ravi Kirkpatrick

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential in natural language understanding and generation, making them valuable tools for enhancing conversational interactions. However, LLMs encounter challenges such as lacking…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Guinan Su , Yanwu Yang , Jie Guo

Multimodal intent recognition is a significant task for understanding human language in real-world multimodal scenes. Most existing intent recognition methods have limitations in leveraging the multimodal information due to the restrictions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Hanlei Zhang , Hua Xu , Xin Wang , Qianrui Zhou , Shaojie Zhao , Jiayan Teng

Understanding and classifying query intents can improve retrieval effectiveness by helping align search results with the motivations behind user queries. However, existing intent taxonomies are typically derived from system log data and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Melanie A. Kilian , David Elsweiler

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into multi-agent and human-AI systems, understanding their awareness of both self-context and conversational partners is essential for ensuring reliable performance and robust…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Younwoo Choi , Changling Li , Yongjin Yang , Zhijing Jin

Querying, conversing, and controlling search and information-seeking interfaces using natural language are fast becoming ubiquitous with the rise and adoption of large-language models (LLM). In this position paper, we describe a generic…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Avishek Anand , Venktesh V , Abhijit Anand , Vinay Setty

As autonomous agents, from self-driving cars to virtual assistants, become increasingly present in everyday life, safe and effective collaboration depends on human understanding of agents' intentions. Current intent communication approaches…