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Transformer now underpins modern AI as its core infrastructure. Its defining capability-dynamically focusing on the most relevant information in complex inputs-is bounded above by the self-attention scoring function. Quantum computing, with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Wenwei Zhang , Jintao Wang , Tianyu Ye , Changgeng Liao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been emerging as prominent AI models for solving many natural language tasks due to their high performance (e.g., accuracy) and capabilities in generating high-quality responses to the given inputs.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Rachmad Vidya Wicaksana Putra , Pasindu Wickramasinghe , Muhammad Shafique

The emerging classical-quantum transfer learning paradigm has brought a decent performance to quantum computational models in many tasks, such as computer vision, by enabling a combination of quantum models and classical pre-trained neural…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-28 Qiuchi Li , Benyou Wang , Yudong Zhu , Christina Lioma , Qun Liu

Natural Language Processing (NLP) faces challenges in the ability to quickly model polysemous words. The Grover's Algorithm (GA) is expected to solve this problem but lacks adaptability. To address the above dilemma, a Quantum Text…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-03 Ren-Xin Zhao

The automated design of parameterized quantum circuits for variational algorithms in the NISQ era faces a fundamental limitation, as conventional differentiable architecture search relies on classical models that fail to adequately…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-03 Yuxiang Liu , Sixuan Li , Fanxu Meng , Zaichen Zhang , Xutao Yu

We demonstrate that quantum vision transformers (QViTs), vision transformers (ViTs) with self-attention (SA) mechanisms replaced by quantum self-attention (QSA) mechanisms, can match state-of-the-art (SOTA) biomedical image classifiers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Thomas Boucher , John Whittle , Evangelos B. Mazomenos

In recent developments, deep learning methodologies applied to Natural Language Processing (NLP) have revealed a paradox: They improve performance but demand considerable data and resources for their training. Alternatively, quantum…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Farha Nausheen , Khandakar Ahmed , M Imad Khan , Farina Riaz

Self-Attention Mechanism (SAM) excels at distilling important information from the interior of data to improve the computational efficiency of models. Nevertheless, many Quantum Machine Learning (QML) models lack the ability to distinguish…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-13 Ren-Xin Zhao , Jinjing Shi , Xuelong Li

Attention mechanism has been proven effective on natural language processing. This paper proposes an attention boosted natural language inference model named aESIM by adding word attention and adaptive direction-oriented attention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-12-07 Guanyu Li , Pengfei Zhang , Caiyan Jia

This paper describes experiments showing that some tasks in natural language processing (NLP) can already be performed using quantum computers, though so far only with small datasets. We demonstrate various approaches to topic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Dominic Widdows , Aaranya Alexander , Daiwei Zhu , Chase Zimmerman , Arunava Majumder

Large Language Models (LLMs) contribute significantly to the development of conversational AI and has great potentials to assist the scientific research in various areas. This paper attempts to address the following questions: What…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-18 Zhiding Liang , Jinglei Cheng , Rui Yang , Hang Ren , Zhixin Song , Di Wu , Xuehai Qian , Tongyang Li , Yiyu Shi

Quantum communication has the potential to revolutionize information processing, providing unparalleled security and increased capacity compared to its classical counterpart by using the principles of quantum mechanics. However, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-30 Yuqi Li , Zhouhang Shi , Haitao Ma , Li Shen , Jinge Bao , Yunlong Xiao

The self-attention mechanism has significantly advanced the field of natural language processing, facilitating the development of advanced language-learning machines. Although its utility is widely acknowledged, the precise mechanisms of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Tal Halevi , Yarden Tzach , Ronit D. Gross , Shalom Rosner , Ido Kanter

Transformers are emerging as the new workhorse of NLP, showing great success across tasks. Unlike LSTMs, transformers process input sequences entirely through self-attention. Previous work has suggested that the computational capabilities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Michael Hahn

Hybrid quantum-classical models represent a crucial step toward leveraging near-term quantum devices for sequential data processing. We present Quantum Recurrent Neural Networks (QRNNs) and Quantum Convolutional Neural Networks (QCNNs) as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-16 Stefan Balauca , Ada-Astrid Balauca , Adrian Iftene

Recent advances in quantum computing have opened new pathways for enhancing deep learning architectures, particularly in domains characterized by high-dimensional and context-rich data such as natural language processing (NLP). In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 S. M. Yousuf Iqbal Tomal , Abdullah Al Shafin , Debojit Bhattacharjee , MD. Khairul Amin , Rafiad Sadat Shahir

The Transformer architecture has been successful across many domains, including natural language processing, computer vision and speech recognition. In keyword spotting, self-attention has primarily been used on top of convolutional or…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-11 Axel Berg , Mark O'Connor , Miguel Tairum Cruz

Quantum-centric supercomputing presents a compelling framework for large-scale hybrid quantum-classical tasks. Although quantum machine learning (QML) offers theoretical benefits in various applications, challenges such as large-size data…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-18 Chen-Yu Liu , Chao-Han Huck Yang , Hsi-Sheng Goan , Min-Hsiu Hsieh

Attention mechanisms underpin modern deep learning, while the quadratic time and space complexity limit scalability for long sequences. To address this, Quantum Annealing Multi-Head Attention (QAMA) is proposed, a novel drop-in operator…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-14 Peng Du , Jinjing Shi , Wenxuan Wang , Yin Ma , Kai Wen , Xuelong Li

Pretrained language models based on the transformer architecture have shown great success in NLP. Textual training data often comes from the web and is thus tagged with time-specific information, but most language models ignore this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Guy D. Rosin , Kira Radinsky