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Neural operators (NOs) provide fast, resolution-invariant surrogates for mapping input fields to PDE solution fields, but their predictions can exhibit significant epistemic uncertainty due to finite data, imperfect optimization, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Haoze Song , Zhihao Li , Mengyi Deng , Xin Li , Duyi Pan , Zhilu Lai , Wei Wang

Neural operators (NO) are discretization invariant deep learning methods with functional output and can approximate any continuous operator. NO have demonstrated the superiority of solving partial differential equations (PDEs) over other…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-02-02 Jianguo Huang , Yue Qiu

Neural operators have emerged as fast surrogate solvers for parametric partial differential equations (PDEs). However, purely data-driven models often require extensive training data and can generalize poorly, especially in small-data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Heechang Kim , Qianying Cao , Hyomin Shin , Seungchul Lee , George Em Karniadakis , Minseok Choi

We propose the Inverse Neural Operator (INO), a two-stage framework for recovering hidden ODE parameters from sparse, partial observations. In Stage 1, a Conditional Fourier Neural Operator (C-FNO) with cross-attention learns a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Zhi-Song Liu , Wenqing Peng , Helmi Toropainen , Ammar Kheder , Andreas Rupp , Holger Froning , Xiaojie Lin , Michael Boy

Modelling complex multiphysics systems governed by nonlinear and strongly coupled partial differential equations (PDEs) is a cornerstone in computational science and engineering. However, it remains a formidable challenge for traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Biao Yuan , He Wang , Yanjie Song , Ana Heitor , Xiaohui Chen

Effective data-driven PDE forecasting methods often rely on fixed spatial and / or temporal discretizations. This raises limitations in real-world applications like weather prediction where flexible extrapolation at arbitrary spatiotemporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Yuan Yin , Matthieu Kirchmeyer , Jean-Yves Franceschi , Alain Rakotomamonjy , Patrick Gallinari

Neural operators have been explored as surrogate models for simulating physical systems to overcome the limitations of traditional partial differential equation (PDE) solvers. However, most existing operator learning methods assume that the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Rui Zhang , Qi Meng , Zhi-Ming Ma

Numerical solutions of partial differential equations (PDEs) require expensive simulations, limiting their application in design optimization, model-based control, and large-scale inverse problems. Surrogate modeling techniques seek to…

Computational Physics · Physics 2022-05-18 James Duvall , Karthik Duraisamy , Shaowu Pan

Physics-informed neural operators have emerged as a powerful paradigm for solving parametric partial differential equations (PDEs), particularly in the aerospace field, enabling the learning of solution operators that generalize across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Jing Wang , Biao Chen , Hairun Xie , Rui Wang , Yifan Xia , Jifa Zhang , Hui Xu

Initial boundary value problems arise commonly in applications with engineering and natural systems governed by nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). Operator learning is an emerging field for solving these equations by using a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Sumanth Kumar Boya , Deepak Subramani

Predicting the microstructural and morphological evolution of materials through phase-field modelling is computationally intensive, particularly for high-throughput parametric studies. While neural operators such as the Fourier neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Nanxi Chen , Airong Chen , Rujin Ma

Neural ordinary differential equations (NODEs), one of the most influential works of the differential equation-based deep learning, are to continuously generalize residual networks and opened a new field. They are currently utilized for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Woojin Cho , Seunghyeon Cho , Hyundong Jin , Jinsung Jeon , Kookjin Lee , Sanghyun Hong , Dongeun Lee , Jonghyun Choi , Noseong Park

Finite element analysis (FEA) has been widely used to generate simulations of complex and nonlinear systems. Despite its strength and accuracy, the limitations of FEA can be summarized into two aspects: a) running high-fidelity FEA often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Yinan Wang , Kaiwen Wang , Wenjun Cai , Xiaowei Yue

Continuum robots enable dexterous manipulation in constrained environments, but require accurate and efficient models for real-time manipulation and control. Traditional physics-based models can be computationally expensive and may suffer…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Branden Frieden , James M. Ferguson , Alan Kuntz , Varun Shankar

A large class of inverse problems for PDEs are only well-defined as mappings from operators to functions. Existing operator learning frameworks map functions to functions and need to be modified to learn inverse maps from data. We propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Roberto Molinaro , Yunan Yang , Björn Engquist , Siddhartha Mishra

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) effectively embed physical principles into machine learning, but often struggle with complex or alternating geometries. We propose a novel method for integrating geometric transformations within…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Samuel Burbulla

Adjoint-based optimization methods are attractive for aerodynamic shape design primarily due to their computational costs being independent of the dimensionality of the input space and their ability to generate high-fidelity gradients that…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-08-18 S. Ashwin Renganathan , Romit Maulik and , Jai Ahuja

Neural operator surrogates for time-dependent partial differential equations (PDEs) conventionally employ autoregressive prediction schemes, which accumulate error over long rollouts and require uniform temporal discretization. We introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Xianglong Hou , Xinquan Huang , Paris Perdikaris

Dissipative partial differential equations that exhibit chaotic dynamics tend to evolve to attractors that exist on finite-dimensional manifolds. We present a data-driven reduced order modeling method that capitalizes on this fact by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Alec J. Linot , Michael D. Graham

Learning solution operators of partial differential equations (PDEs) from data has emerged as a promising route to fast surrogate models in multi-query scientific workflows. However, for geometric PDEs whose inputs and outputs transform…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Pengcheng Cheng