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We consider model-free reinforcement learning (RL) in non-stationary Markov decision processes. Both the reward functions and the state transition functions are allowed to vary arbitrarily over time as long as their cumulative variations do…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Weichao Mao , Kaiqing Zhang , Ruihao Zhu , David Simchi-Levi , Tamer Başar

We consider the question of how to employ next-token prediction algorithms in adversarial online decision-making environments. Specifically, if we train a next-token prediction model on a distribution $\mathcal{D}$ over sequences of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Mehryar Mohri , Clayton Sanford , Jon Schneider , Kiran Vodrahalli , Yifan Wu

Existing algorithms for online conformal prediction -- guaranteeing marginal coverage in adversarial settings -- are variants of online gradient descent (OGD), but their analyses of worst-case coverage do not follow from the regret…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Ramya Ramalingam , Shayan Kiyani , Aaron Roth

Most learning algorithms with formal regret guarantees essentially rely on trying all possible behaviors, which is problematic when some errors cannot be recovered from. Instead, we allow the learning agent to ask for help from a mentor and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Benjamin Plaut , Juan Liévano-Karim , Hanlin Zhu , Stuart Russell

In the random-order model for online learning, the sequence of losses is chosen upfront by an adversary and presented to the learner after a random permutation. Any random-order input is \emph{asymptotically} equivalent to a stochastic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Martino Bernasconi , Andrea Celli , Riccardo Colini-Baldeschi , Federico Fusco , Stefano Leonardi , Matteo Russo

We study non-rectangular robust Markov decision processes under the average-reward criterion, where the ambiguity set couples transition probabilities across states and the adversary commits to a stationary kernel for the entire horizon. We…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-11 Shengbo Wang , Nian Si

In this paper, we consider the problem of finding a meta-learning online control algorithm that can learn across the tasks when faced with a sequence of $N$ (similar) control tasks. Each task involves controlling a linear dynamical system…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Deepan Muthirayan , Dileep Kalathil , Pramod P. Khargonekar

Projection-free online learning has drawn increasing interest due to its efficiency in solving high-dimensional problems with complicated constraints. However, most existing projection-free online methods focus on minimizing the static…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Yibo Wang , Wenhao Yang , Wei Jiang , Shiyin Lu , Bing Wang , Haihong Tang , Yuanyu Wan , Lijun Zhang

In this paper we provide provable regret guarantees for an online meta-learning receding horizon control algorithm in an iterative control setting. We consider the setting where, in each iteration the system to be controlled is a linear…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-02 Deepan Muthirayan , Pramod P. Khargonekar

We consider online no-regret learning in unknown games with bandit feedback, where each player can only observe its reward at each time -- determined by all players' current joint action -- rather than its gradient. We focus on the class of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Wenjia Ba , Tianyi Lin , Jiawei Zhang , Zhengyuan Zhou

Recently, Daskalakis, Fishelson, and Golowich (DFG) (NeurIPS`21) showed that if all agents in a multi-player general-sum normal-form game employ Optimistic Multiplicative Weights Update (OMWU), the external regret of every player is…

We address the problem of simultaneously learning and control in an online receding horizon control setting. We consider the control of an unknown linear dynamical system with general cost functions and affine constraints on the control…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-11-02 Deepan Muthirayan , Jianjun Yuan , Pramod P. Khargonekar

We study online learning problems in which the learner has extra knowledge about the adversary's behaviour, i.e., in game-theoretic settings where opponents typically follow some no-external regret learning algorithms. Under this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Le Cong Dinh , Tri-Dung Nguyen , Alain Zemkoho , Long Tran-Thanh

Achieving sample efficiency in online episodic reinforcement learning (RL) requires optimally balancing exploration and exploitation. When it comes to a finite-horizon episodic Markov decision process with $S$ states, $A$ actions and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Gen Li , Laixi Shi , Yuxin Chen , Yuejie Chi

The online meta-learning framework has arisen as a powerful tool for the continual lifelong learning setting. The goal for an agent is to quickly learn new tasks by drawing on prior experience, while it faces with tasks one after another.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-30 Parvin Nazari , Esmaile Khorram

In this work we provide provable regret guarantees for an online meta-learning control algorithm in an iterative control setting, where in each iteration the system to be controlled is a linear deterministic system that is different and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-07 Deepan Muthirayan , Pramod Khargonekar

We analyze the performance of heterogeneous learning agents in asset markets with stochastic payoffs. Our main focus is on comparing Bayesian learners and no-regret learners who compete in markets and identifying the conditions under which…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-04 David Easley , Yoav Kolumbus , Eva Tardos

Learning with rejection has been a prototypical model for studying the human-AI interaction on prediction tasks. Upon the arrival of a sample instance, the model first uses a rejector to decide whether to accept and use the AI predictor to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Xiaocheng Li , Shang Liu , Chunlin Sun , Hanzhao Wang

We study how a decision-maker (DM) learns from data of unknown quality to form robust, ''general-purpose'' posterior beliefs. We develop a framework for robust learning and belief formation under a minimax-regret criterion, cast as a…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-02-18 Yeon-Koo Che , Longjian Li , Tianling Luo

The theory of reinforcement learning has focused on two fundamental problems: achieving low regret, and identifying $\epsilon$-optimal policies. While a simple reduction allows one to apply a low-regret algorithm to obtain an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Andrew Wagenmaker , Max Simchowitz , Kevin Jamieson