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The development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has catalyzed automation in customer service, yet benchmarking their performance remains challenging. Existing benchmarks predominantly rely on static paradigms and single-dimensional metrics,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Ling Shi , Yuqin Dai , Ziyin Wang , Ning Gao , Wei Zhang , Chaozheng Wang , Yujie Wang , Wei He , Jinpeng Wang , Deiyi Xiong

Autonomous agent systems powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising capabilities in automating complex tasks. However, current evaluations largely rely on success rates without systematically analyzing the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Ruofan Lu , Yichen Li , Yintong Huo

Large language models are increasingly proposed as autonomous agents for high-stakes public workflows, yet we lack systematic evidence about whether they would follow institutional rules when granted authority. We present evidence that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Vedanta S P , Ponnurangam Kumaraguru

Embodied agents operating in multi-agent, partially observable, and decentralized environments must plan and act despite pervasive uncertainty about hidden objects and collaborators' intentions. Recent advances in applying Large Language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-05 SeungWon Seo , SooBin Lim , SeongRae Noh , Haneul Kim , HyeongYeop Kang

Large Language Models are being increasingly deployed as the decision-making core of autonomous agents capable of effecting change in external environments. Yet, in conversational benchmarks, which simulate real-world customer-centric issue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Amir Saeidi , Venkatesh Mishra , Souradeep Mukhopadhyay , Gaowen Liu , Ali Payani , Jayanth Srinivasa , Chitta Baral

The rapid adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) in interactive systems has enabled the creation of dynamic, open-ended Role-Playing Agents (RPAs). However, evaluating these agents remains a significant challenge, as standard NLP metrics…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Riccardo Rosati , Edoardo Colucci , Massimiliano Bolognini , Adriano Mancini , Paolo Sernani

Evaluating large language model (LLM)-based multi-agent systems remains a critical challenge, as these systems must exhibit reliable coordination, transparent decision-making, and verifiable performance across evolving tasks. Existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 YenTing Lee , Keerthi Koneru , Zahra Moslemi , Sheethal Kumar , Ramesh Radhakrishnan

Third-party Large Language Model (LLM) API gateways are rapidly emerging as unified access points to models offered by multiple vendors. However, the internal routing, caching, and billing policies of these gateways are largely undisclosed,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Guanjie Lin , Yinxin Wan , Shichao Pei , Ting Xu , Kuai Xu , Guoliang Xue

Large Language Model (LLM)-based multi-agent systems are increasingly applied to automate computational workflows in science and engineering. However, how inter-agent dynamics influence reasoning quality and verification reliability remains…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Chuan Tian , Yilei Zhang

LLM-based agents can execute actions that are syntactically valid, user-sanctioned, and semantically appropriate, yet still violate organizational policy because the facts needed for correct policy judgment are hidden at decision time. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Jie Wu , Ming Gong

The increasing deployment of Large Language Model (LLM) agents for complex software engineering tasks has created a need to understand their problem-solving behaviours beyond simple success metrics. While these agents demonstrate impressive…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Oorja Majgaonkar , Zhiwei Fei , Xiang Li , Federica Sarro , He Ye

Recent evidence suggests that frontier AI systems can exhibit agentic misalignment, generating and executing harmful actions derived from internally constructed goals, even without explicit user requests. Existing mitigation methods, such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Rong Xiang

We introduce the Agent GPA (Goal-Plan-Action) framework, driven by the fundamental insight that critical agent failures emerge at the intersections of setting goals, devising plans, and executing actions. We operationalize the framework…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Allison Sihan Jia , Daniel Huang , Nikhil Vytla , Seung Won Wilson Yoo , Nirvika Choudhury , Shayak Sen , John C. Mitchell , Anupam Datta

Large language model agents now act on codebases, browsers, operating systems, calendars, files, and tool ecosystems, but their evaluations often collapse behavior into final task success. AgentAtlas reframes agent evaluation as a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Parsa Mazaheri , Kasra Mazaheri

Multi-agent systems powered by large language models (LLMs) are transforming enterprise automation, yet systematic evaluation methodologies for assessing tool-use reliability remain underdeveloped. We introduce a comprehensive diagnostic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Donghao Huang , Gauri Malwe , Zhaoxia Wang

Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) built on Large Language Models (LLMs) often exhibit high variance in their reasoning trajectories. Process verification, which evaluates intermediate steps in trajectories, has shown promise in general reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Vishal Venkataramani , Haizhou Shi , Zixuan Ke , Austin Xu , Xiaoxiao He , Yingbo Zhou , Semih Yavuz , Hao Wang , Shafiq Joty

Large language models are increasingly deployed as protocols: structured multi-call procedures that spend additional computation to transform a baseline answer into a final one. These protocols are evaluated only by end-to-end accuracy,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Fernando Reitich

Central to agentic capability and trustworthiness of language model agents (LMAs) is the extent they maintain stable, reliable, identity over time. However, LMAs inherit pathologies from large language models (LLMs) (statelessness,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Elija Perrier , Michael Timothy Bennett

This article presents a modular, component-based architecture for developing and evaluating AI agents that bridge the gap between natural language interfaces and complex enterprise data warehouses. The system directly addresses core…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Nooshin Bahador

Coding agents represent a new paradigm in automated software engineering, combining the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) with tool-augmented interaction loops. However, coding agents still have severe limitations.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Tural Mehtiyev , Wesley Assunção
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