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The label distribution skew induced data heterogeniety has been shown to be a significant obstacle that limits the model performance in federated learning, which is particularly developed for collaborative model training over decentralized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Jian Xu , Meiling Yang , Wenbo Ding , Shao-Lun Huang

Prototype-based federated learning (PFL) has emerged as a promising paradigm to address data heterogeneity problems in federated learning, as it leverages mean feature vectors as prototypes to enhance model generalization. However, its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Honghong Zeng , Jiong Lou , Zhe Wang , Hefeng Zhou , Chentao Wu , Wei Zhao , Jie Li

Federated learning (FL) allows distributed clients to collaboratively train a global model in a privacy-preserving manner. However, one major challenge is domain skew, where clients' data originating from diverse domains may hinder the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Huan Wang , Jun Shen , Jun Yan , Guansong Pang

Continual Federated Learning (CFL) combines Federated Learning (FL), the decentralized learning of a central model on a number of client devices that may not communicate their data, and Continual Learning (CL), the learning of a model from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Jack Good , Jimit Majmudar , Christophe Dupuy , Jixuan Wang , Charith Peris , Clement Chung , Richard Zemel , Rahul Gupta

In Federated Learning (FL), a number of clients or devices collaborate to train a model without sharing their data. Models are optimized locally at each client and further communicated to a central hub for aggregation. While FL is an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Farshid Varno , Marzie Saghayi , Laya Rafiee Sevyeri , Sharut Gupta , Stan Matwin , Mohammad Havaei

Federated Learning (FL) faces major challenges in real-world deployments due to statistical heterogeneity across clients and system heterogeneity arising from resource-constrained devices. While clustering-based approaches mitigate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Om Govind Jha , Harsh Shukla , Haroon R. Lone

Recently, deep cross-modal hashing has gained increasing attention. However, in many practical cases, data are distributed and cannot be collected due to privacy concerns, which greatly reduces the cross-modal hashing performance on each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Jiale Liu , Yu-Wei Zhan , Xin Luo , Zhen-Duo Chen , Yongxin Wang , Xin-Shun Xu

Contrastive pretraining is well-known to improve downstream task performance and model generalisation, especially in limited label settings. However, it is sensitive to the choice of augmentation pipeline. Positive pairs should preserve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Melanie Roschewitz , Fabio De Sousa Ribeiro , Tian Xia , Galvin Khara , Ben Glocker

Contrastive learning (CL) is a prevalent technique for training embedding models, which pulls semantically similar examples (positives) closer in the representation space while pushing dissimilar ones (negatives) further apart. A key source…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Raghuveer Thirukovalluru , Rui Meng , Ye Liu , Karthikeyan K , Mingyi Su , Ping Nie , Semih Yavuz , Yingbo Zhou , Wenhu Chen , Bhuwan Dhingra

The enhancement of unsupervised learning of sentence representations has been significantly achieved by the utility of contrastive learning. This approach clusters the augmented positive instance with the anchor instance to create a desired…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Qingfa Xiao , Shuangyin Li , Lei Chen

Contrastive learning (CL) is a popular technique for self-supervised learning (SSL) of visual representations. It uses pairs of augmentations of unlabeled training examples to define a classification task for pretext learning of a deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Chih-Hui Ho , Nuno Vasconcelos

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a decentralized machine learning technique, allowing clients to train a global model collaboratively without sharing private data. However, most FL studies ignore the crucial challenge of heterogeneous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Huy Q. Le , Ye Lin Tun , Yu Qiao , Minh N. H. Nguyen , Keon Oh Kim , Eui-Nam Huh , Choong Seon Hong

Federated learning (FL) provides a decentralized machine learning paradigm where a server collaborates with a group of clients to learn a global model without accessing the clients' data. User heterogeneity is a significant challenge for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Jiangming Shi , Shanshan Zheng , Xiangbo Yin , Yang Lu , Yuan Xie , Yanyun Qu

We propose CLoVE (Clustering of Loss Vector Embeddings), a novel algorithm for Clustered Federated Learning (CFL). In CFL, clients are naturally grouped into clusters based on their data distribution. However, identifying these clusters is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Randeep Bhatia , Nikos Papadis , Murali Kodialam , TV Lakshman , Sayak Chakrabarty

Federated learning (FL) enables distributed training with private client data, but its convergence is hindered by system heterogeneity under realistic communication scenarios. Most FL schemes addressing system heterogeneity utilize global…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Keumseo Ryum , Jinu Gong , Joonhyuk Kang

Hierarchical Federated Learning (HFL) has recently emerged as a promising solution for intelligent decision-making in vehicular networks, helping to address challenges such as limited communication resources, high vehicle mobility, and data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-05 M. Saeid HaghighiFard , Sinem Coleri

Knowledge sharing and model personalization are essential components to tackle the non-IID challenge in federated learning (FL). Most existing FL methods focus on two extremes: 1) to learn a shared model to serve all clients with non-IID…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Jie Ma , Guodong Long , Tianyi Zhou , Jing Jiang , Chengqi Zhang

In recent years, a variety of contrastive learning based unsupervised visual representation learning methods have been designed and achieved great success in many visual tasks. Generally, these methods can be roughly classified into four…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Wenbin Li , Meihao Kong , Xuesong Yang , Lei Wang , Jing Huo , Yang Gao , Jiebo Luo

Federated Learning (FL) enables edge devices to collaboratively learn a global model, but it may not perform well when clients have high data heterogeneity. In this paper, we propose a dynamic clustering algorithm for personalized federated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Heting Liu , Junzhe Huang , Fang He , Guohong Cao

Graph contrastive learning (GCL) aims to align the positive features while differentiating the negative features in the latent space by minimizing a pair-wise contrastive loss. As the embodiment of an outstanding discriminative unsupervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Jiangmeng Li , Yifan Jin , Hang Gao , Wenwen Qiang , Changwen Zheng , Fuchun Sun