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Contrastive learning is widely used for recommendation model learning, where selecting representative and informative negative samples is critical. Existing methods usually focus on centralized data, where abundant and high-quality negative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Chuhan Wu , Fangzhao Wu , Tao Qi , Yongfeng Huang , Xing Xie

Federated learning (FL) facilitates a privacy-preserving neural network training paradigm through collaboration between edge clients and a central server. One significant challenge is that the distributed data is not independently and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Yu Qiao , Huy Q. Le , Mengchun Zhang , Apurba Adhikary , Chaoning Zhang , Choong Seon Hong

Federated Learning (FL) allows collaborative machine learning training without sharing private data. Numerous studies have shown that one significant factor affecting the performance of federated learning models is the heterogeneity of data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Liang Kuang , Kuangpu Guo , Jian Liang , Jianguo Zhang

Federated learning (FL) facilitates the secure utilization of decentralized images, advancing applications in medical image recognition and autonomous driving. However, conventional FL faces two critical challenges in real-world deployment:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Shiwei Lu , Yuhang He , Jiashuo Li , Qiang Wang , Yihong Gong

Federated Learning (FL) allows collaborative training while ensuring data privacy across distributed edge devices, making it a popular solution for privacy-sensitive applications. However, FL faces significant challenges due to statistical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Huy Q. Le , Latif U. Khan , Choong Seon Hong

Federated Learning (FL) aims at unburdening the training of deep models by distributing computation across multiple devices (clients) while safeguarding data privacy. On top of that, Federated Continual Learning (FCL) also accounts for data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Riccardo Salami , Pietro Buzzega , Matteo Mosconi , Mattia Verasani , Simone Calderara

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging distributed machine learning paradigm that enables collaborative training of machine learning models over decentralized devices without exposing their local data. One of the major challenges in FL is…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Md Sirajul Islam , Simin Javaherian , Fei Xu , Xu Yuan , Li Chen , Nian-Feng Tzeng

Clustered federated learning (CFL) is proposed to mitigate the performance deterioration stemming from data heterogeneity in federated learning (FL) by grouping similar clients for cluster-wise model training. However, current CFL methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Yuxin Zhang , Haoyu Chen , Zheng Lin , Zhe Chen , Jin Zhao

Federated learning (FL) allows multiple clients to collectively train a high-performance global model without sharing their private data. However, the key challenge in federated learning is that the clients have significant statistical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Liang Gao , Huazhu Fu , Li Li , Yingwen Chen , Ming Xu , Cheng-Zhong Xu

Contrastive learning is widely used in clustering tasks due to its discriminative representation. However, the conflict problem between classes is difficult to solve effectively. Existing methods try to solve this problem through prototype…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Shihao Dong , Xiaotong Zhou , Yuhui Zheng , Huiying Xu , Xinzhong Zhu

Deep neural networks suffer from catastrophic forgetting when continually learning new concepts. In this paper, we analyze this problem from a data imbalance point of view. We argue that the imbalance between old task and new task data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Leyuan Wang , Liuyu Xiang , Yunlong Wang , Huijia Wu , Zhaofeng He

Federated learning enables multiple medical institutions to train a global model without sharing data, yet feature heterogeneity from diverse scanners or protocols remains a major challenge. Many existing works attempt to address this issue…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Xingyue Zhao , Wenke Huang , Xingguang Wang , Haoyu Zhao , Linghao Zhuang , Anwen Jiang , Guancheng Wan , Mang Ye

Data heterogeneity across clients in federated learning (FL) settings is a widely acknowledged challenge. In response, personalized federated learning (PFL) emerged as a framework to curate local models for clients' tasks. In PFL, a common…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Yutong Dai , Zeyuan Chen , Junnan Li , Shelby Heinecke , Lichao Sun , Ran Xu

Federated learning allows multiple clients to collaboratively train a model without exchanging their data, thus preserving data privacy. Unfortunately, it suffers significant performance degradation due to heterogeneous data at clients.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Tailin Zhou , Jun Zhang , Danny H. K. Tsang

With the increasing amount of multimedia data on modern mobile systems and IoT infrastructures, harnessing these rich multimodal data without breaching user privacy becomes a critical issue. Federated learning (FL) serves as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Qiying Yu , Yang Liu , Yimu Wang , Ke Xu , Jingjing Liu

Heterogeneity across clients in federated learning (FL) usually hinders the optimization convergence and generalization performance when the aggregation of clients' knowledge occurs in the gradient space. For example, clients may differ in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Yue Tan , Guodong Long , Lu Liu , Tianyi Zhou , Qinghua Lu , Jing Jiang , Chengqi Zhang

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative training of a global model in the centralized server with data from multiple parties while preserving privacy. However, data heterogeneity can significantly degrade the performance of the global…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Yong Zhang , Feng Liang , Guanghu Yuan , Min Yang , Chengming Li , Xiping Hu

Federated learning (FL) aims to train models collaboratively across clients without sharing data for privacy-preserving. However, one major challenge is the data heterogeneity issue, which refers to the biased labeling preferences at…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Huan Wang , Haoran Li , Huaming Chen , Jun Yan , Jiahua Shi , Jun Shen

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative machine learning across distributed data owners, but data heterogeneity poses a challenge for model calibration. While prior work focused on improving accuracy for non-iid data, calibration…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Hongyi Peng , Han Yu , Xiaoli Tang , Xiaoxiao Li

Data heterogeneity poses a fundamental challenge in federated learning (FL), especially when clients differ not only in distribution but also in the reliability of their predictions across individual examples. While personalized FL (PFL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Amr Abourayya , Jens Kleesiek , Bharat Rao , Michael Kamp