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Deployed machine learning models should be updated to take advantage of a larger sample size to improve performance, as more data is gathered over time. Unfortunately, even when model updates improve aggregate metrics such as accuracy, they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-09 George Adam , Benjamin Haibe-Kains , Anna Goldenberg

Model merging has emerged as a promising technique for enhancing large language models, though its application in large-scale pre-training remains relatively unexplored. In this paper, we present a comprehensive investigation of model…

Model merging has emerged as a practical paradigm for integrating multiple independently trained models into a single model without joint retraining. Previous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of combining parameters through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Zhikang Chen , Sen Cui , Deheng Ye , Min Zhang , Gang Niu , Yu Zhang , Masashi Sugiyama , Tingting Zhu

Model merging and task arithmetic have emerged as promising scalable approaches to merge multiple single-task checkpoints to one multi-task model, but their applicability is reduced by significant performance loss. Previous works have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Ke Wang , Nikolaos Dimitriadis , Guillermo Ortiz-Jimenez , François Fleuret , Pascal Frossard

Large-scale transformers are central to modern semantic communication, yet their high computational and communication costs hinder deployment on resource-constrained edge devices. This paper introduces a training-free framework for adaptive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Omar Erak , Omar Alhussein , Hatem Abou-Zeid , Mehdi Bennis , Sami Muhaidat

Multi-task learning (MTL) leverages a shared model to accomplish multiple tasks and facilitate knowledge transfer. Recent research on task arithmetic-based MTL demonstrates that merging the parameters of independently fine-tuned models can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Li Shen , Anke Tang , Enneng Yang , Guibing Guo , Yong Luo , Lefei Zhang , Xiaochun Cao , Bo Du , Dacheng Tao

With the emergence of deep learning, metric learning has gained significant popularity in numerous machine learning tasks dealing with complex and large-scale datasets, such as information retrieval, object recognition and recommendation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Imam Mustafa Kamal , Hyerim Bae , Ling Liu

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) technique has proven to be a promising solution to efficiently scale the model size, which has been widely applied in recent LLM advancements. However, the substantial memory overhead of MoE models has made…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Ruijie Miao , Yilun Yao , Zihan Wang , Zhiming Wang , Bairen Yi , LingJun Liu , Yikai Zhao , Tong Yang

Continual Model Merging (CMM) enables rapid customization of foundation models by sequentially incorporating task-adapted models without repeated retraining. However, existing merging rules usually update the deployed model through fixed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Lihong Lin , Haidong Kang

While LLMs excel at general tasks, they struggle in specialized domains like finance, requiring diverse skills in domain knowledge, mathematical reasoning, and multilingual processing. Merging domain-specific Continual Pre-training (CPT)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Kentaro Ueda , François Portet , Hirohiko Suwa , Keiichi Yasumoto

Model merging provides a scalable alternative to multi-task training by combining specialized finetuned models through parameter arithmetic, enabling efficient deployment without the need for joint training or access to all task data. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Yifei He , Siqi Zeng , Yuzheng Hu , Rui Yang , Tong Zhang , Han Zhao

Model merging is a flexible and computationally tractable approach to merge single-task checkpoints into a multi-task model. Prior work has solely focused on constrained multi-task settings where there is a one-to-one mapping between a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Juan Garcia Giraldo , Nikolaos Dimitriadis , Ke Wang , Pascal Frossard

Reinforcement learning (RL) is central to post-training, particularly for agentic models that require specialized reasoning behaviors. In this setting, model merging offers a practical mechanism for integrating multiple RL-trained agents…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Xiangchi Yuan , Dachuan Shi , Chunhui Zhang , Zheyuan Liu , Shenglong Yao , Soroush Vosoughi , Wenke Lee

Continual Learning (CL) aims to enable models to continuously acquire new knowledge from a sequence of tasks with avoiding the forgetting of learned information. However, existing CL methods only rely on the parameters of the most recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Haomiao Qiu , Miao Zhang , Ziyue Qiao , Liqiang Nie

Model merging is a scalable alternative to multi-task training that combines the capabilities of multiple specialised models into a single model. This is particularly attractive for large speech foundation models, which are typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Carlos Carvalho , Francisco Teixeira , Thomas Rolland , Alberto Abad

Continual learning is an essential capability of human cognition, yet it poses significant challenges for current deep learning models. The primary issue is that new knowledge can interfere with previously learned information, causing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Eric Nuertey Coleman , Luigi Quarantiello , Samrat Mukherjee , Julio Hurtado , Vincenzo Lomonaco

Although federated learning has achieved many breakthroughs recently, the heterogeneous nature of the learning environment greatly limits its performance and hinders its real-world applications. The heterogeneous data, time-varying wireless…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Jingxin Li , Toktam Mahmoodi , Hak-Keung Lam

Recently, model merging techniques have surfaced as a solution to combine multiple single-talent models into a single multi-talent model. However, previous endeavors in this field have either necessitated additional training or fine-tuning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Zhengqi Xu , Ke Yuan , Huiqiong Wang , Yong Wang , Mingli Song , Jie Song

Modern recommender systems trained on domain-specific data often struggle to generalize across multiple domains. Cross-domain sequential recommendation has emerged as a promising research direction to address this challenge; however,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Hyunsoo Kim , Jaewan Moon , Seongmin Park , Jongwuk Lee

In cross-border e-commerce, search relevance modeling faces the dual challenge of extreme linguistic diversity and fine-grained semantic nuances. Existing approaches typically rely on scaling up a single monolithic Large Language Model…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Ye Liu , Xu Chen , Wuji Chen , Mang Li