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FP8 training has emerged as a promising method for improving training efficiency. Existing frameworks accelerate training by applying FP8 computation to linear layers while leaving optimizer states and activations in higher precision, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Haocheng Xi , Han Cai , Ligeng Zhu , Yao Lu , Kurt Keutzer , Jianfei Chen , Song Han

How to reduce compute and memory requirements of neural networks (NNs) without sacrificing performance? Many recent works use sparse Mixtures of Experts (MoEs) to build resource-efficient large language models (LMs). Here we introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Róbert Csordás , Kazuki Irie , Jürgen Schmidhuber

Neural operators, such as Fourier Neural Operators (FNO), form a principled approach for learning solution operators for PDEs and other mappings between function spaces. However, many real-world problems require high-resolution training…

Despite many recent works on Mixture of Experts (MoEs) for resource-efficient Transformer language models, existing methods mostly focus on MoEs for feedforward layers. Previous attempts at extending MoE to the self-attention layer fail to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Róbert Csordás , Piotr Piękos , Kazuki Irie , Jürgen Schmidhuber

Mixture-of-Experts (MoEs) can scale up beyond traditional deep learning models by employing a routing strategy in which each input is processed by a single "expert" deep learning model. This strategy allows us to scale up the number of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-28 Anastasis Kratsios , Haitz Sáez de Ocáriz Borde , Takashi Furuya , Marc T. Law

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have shown remarkable capability in instruction tuning, especially when the number of tasks scales. However, previous methods simply merge all training tasks (e.g. creative writing, coding, and mathematics)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Tong Zhu , Daize Dong , Xiaoye Qu , Jiacheng Ruan , Wenliang Chen , Yu Cheng

Multi-modal 3D understanding is a fundamental task in computer vision. Previous multi-modal fusion methods typically employ a single, dense fusion network, struggling to handle the significant heterogeneity and complexity across modalities,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Yu Li , Yuenan Hou , Yingmei Wei , Xinge Zhu , Yuexin Ma , Wenqi Shao , Yanming Guo

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) activates only a subset of experts during inference, allowing the model to maintain low inference FLOPs and latency even as the parameter count scales up. However, since MoE dynamically selects the experts, all the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Shibo Jie , Yehui Tang , Kai Han , Yitong Li , Duyu Tang , Zhi-Hong Deng , Yunhe Wang

Large language models, such as OpenAI's ChatGPT, have demonstrated exceptional language understanding capabilities in various NLP tasks. Sparsely activated mixture-of-experts (MoE) has emerged as a promising solution for scaling models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Jiamin Li , Qiang Su , Yitao Yang , Yimin Jiang , Cong Wang , Hong Xu

With the increasing data volume, there is a trend of using large-scale pre-trained models to store the knowledge into an enormous number of model parameters. The training of these models is composed of lots of dense algebras, requiring a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Xiaonan Nie , Xupeng Miao , Zilong Wang , Zichao Yang , Jilong Xue , Lingxiao Ma , Gang Cao , Bin Cui

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture has demonstrated significant advantages as it enables to increase the model capacity without a proportional increase in computation. However, the large MoE model size still introduces substantial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Shuzhang Zhong , Yanfan Sun , Ling Liang , Runsheng Wang , Ru Huang , Meng Li

Scaling large language models (LLMs) significantly improves performance but comes with prohibitive computational costs. Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models offer an efficient alternative, increasing capacity without a proportional rise in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Aditya Vavre , Ethan He , Dennis Liu , Zijie Yan , June Yang , Nima Tajbakhsh , Ashwath Aithal

Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) allows scaling of language and vision models efficiently by activating only a small subset of experts per input. While this reduces computation, the large number of parameters still incurs substantial memory…

Large-scale Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models rely on \emph{expert parallelism} for efficient training and inference, which splits experts across devices and necessitates distributed data shuffling to route each token to its assigned experts.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Zhuoran Zhu , Chunyang Zhu , Hao Lin , Xu Fu , Yiming Zhou , Quanlu Zhang , Zhenhua Li , Feng Qian , Chao Yu , Boxun Li , Guohao Dai , Yu Wang

Real-world model deployment across multiple domains requires multimodal models to operate under two complementary regimes: (1) multi-task pretraining, tasks are co-available at design time where related tasks could borrow representational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xing Han , Shravan Chaudhari , Tanvi Ranade , Rama Chellappa , Suchi Saria

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) enjoys performance gain by increasing model capacity while keeping computation cost constant. When comparing MoE to dense models, prior work typically adopt the following setting: 1) use FLOPs or activated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Xianzhi Du , Tom Gunter , Xiang Kong , Mark Lee , Zirui Wang , Aonan Zhang , Nan Du , Ruoming Pang

In recent years, Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has emerged as an effective approach for enhancing the capacity of deep neural network (DNN) with sub-linear computational costs. However, storing all experts on GPUs incurs significant memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Suraiya Tairin , Shohaib Mahmud , Haiying Shen , Anand Iyer

Large Language Model training with 8-bit floating point (FP8) formats promises significant efficiency improvements, but reduced numerical precision makes training challenging. It is currently possible to train in FP8 only if one is willing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Saaketh Narayan , Abhay Gupta , Mansheej Paul , Davis Blalock

Sparsely-activated Mixture of Experts (MoE) transformers are promising architectures for foundation models. Compared to dense transformers that require the same amount of floating-point operations (FLOPs) per forward pass, MoEs benefit from…

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures face challenges such as high memory consumption and redundancy in experts. Pruning MoE can reduce network weights while maintaining model performance. Motivated by the recent observation of emergent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Yanyue Xie , Zhi Zhang , Ding Zhou , Cong Xie , Ziang Song , Xin Liu , Yanzhi Wang , Xue Lin , An Xu