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Related papers: MASPOB: Bandit-Based Prompt Optimization for Multi…

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The performance of large language models (LLMs) is highly sensitive to the input prompt, making prompt optimization a critical task. However, real-world application is hindered by three major challenges: (1) the black-box nature of powerful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Pingchen Lu , Zhi Hong , Zhiwei Shang , Zhiyong Wang , Yikun Ban , Yao Shu , Min Zhang , Shuang Qiu , Zhongxiang Dai

Large language model (LLM)-based Multi-agent systems (MAS) have shown promise in tackling complex collaborative tasks, where agents are typically orchestrated via role-specific prompts. While the quality of these prompts is pivotal, jointly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Zhexuan Wang , Xuebo Liu , Li Wang , Zifei Shan , Yutong Wang , Zhenxi Song , Min Zhang

Prompt engineering has become central to eliciting the capabilities of large language models (LLMs). At its core lies prompt selection -- efficiently identifying the most effective prompts. However, most prior investigations overlook a key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Donghao Li , Chengshuai Shi , Weijuan Ou , Cong Shen , Jing Yang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse tasks, and LLM-based agents further extend these abilities to various practical workflows. While recent progress shows that multi-agent systems (MAS) can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Zheyuan Zhang , Lin Ge , Hongjiang Li , Weicheng Zhu , Chuxu Zhang , Yanfang Ye

Momentum-Aided Prompt Optimization (MAPO) enhances the efficiency and efficacy of prompt optimization for Large Language Models (LLMs). Building on ProTeGi, MAPO uses positive natural language "gradients" and a momentum-based extension to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Anthony Cui , Pranav Nandyalam , Andrew Rufail , Ethan Cheung , Aiden Lei , Kevin Zhu , Sean O'Brien

Large language models (LLMs) have recently been employed as agents to solve sequential decision-making tasks such as Bayesian optimization and multi-armed bandits (MAB). These works usually adopt an LLM for sequential action selection by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Mingze Kong , Zhiyong Wang , Yao Shu , Zhongxiang Dai

Prompt engineering, as an efficient and effective way to leverage Large Language Models (LLM), has drawn a lot of attention from the research community. The existing research primarily emphasizes the importance of adapting prompts to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Yuyan Chen , Zhihao Wen , Ge Fan , Zhengyu Chen , Wei Wu , Dayiheng Liu , Zhixu Li , Bang Liu , Yanghua Xiao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable success, and their multimodal expansions (MLLMs) further unlock capabilities spanning images, videos, and other modalities beyond text. However, despite this shift, prompt optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Yumin Choi , Dongki Kim , Jinheon Baek , Sung Ju Hwang

Prompting has emerged as the dominant paradigm for adapting large, pre-trained transformer-based models to downstream tasks. The Prompting Decision Transformer (PDT) enables large-scale, multi-task offline Reinforcement Learning (RL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Finn Rietz , Oleg Smirnov , Sara Karimi , Lele Cao

Prompt optimization aims to search for effective prompts that enhance the performance of large language models (LLMs). Although existing prompt optimization methods have discovered effective prompts, they often differ from sophisticated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Rin Ashizawa , Yoichi Hirose , Nozomu Yoshinari , Kento Uchida , Shinichi Shirakawa

Long-context modeling is critical for a wide range of real-world tasks, including long-context question answering, summarization, and complex reasoning tasks. Recent studies have explored fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Shaohua Duan , Pengcheng Huang , Xinze Li , Zhenghao Liu , Xiaoyuan Yi , Yukun Yan , Shuo Wang , Yu Gu , Ge Yu , Maosong Sun

Prompt engineering is very important to enhance the performance of large language models (LLMs). When dealing with complex issues, prompt engineers tend to distill multiple patterns from examples and inject relevant solutions to optimize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Sheng Yang , Yurong Wu , Yan Gao , Zineng Zhou , Bin Benjamin Zhu , Xiaodi Sun , Jian-Guang Lou , Zhiming Ding , Anbang Hu , Yuan Fang , Yunsong Li , Junyan Chen , Linjun Yang

Large language models (LLMs) have been adopted to solve sequential decision-making tasks such as multi-armed bandits (MAB), in which an LLM is directly instructed to select the arms to pull in every iteration. However, this paradigm of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Jiahang Sun , Zhiyong Wang , Runhan Yang , Chenjun Xiao , John C. S. Lui , Zhongxiang Dai

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit diverse response behaviors, costs, and strengths, making it challenging to select the most suitable LLM for a given user query. We study the problem of adaptive multi-LLM selection in an online setting,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Manhin Poon , XiangXiang Dai , Xutong Liu , Fang Kong , John C. S. Lui , Jinhang Zuo

Prompt-based offline methods are commonly used to optimize large language model (LLM) responses, but evaluating these responses is computationally intensive and often fails to accommodate diverse response styles. This study introduces a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Xiangxiang Dai , Yuejin Xie , Maoli Liu , Xuchuang Wang , Zhuohua Li , Huanyu Wang , John C. S. Lui

This paper proposes a new algorithm, referred to as GMAB, that combines concepts from the reinforcement learning domain of multi-armed bandits and random search strategies from the domain of genetic algorithms to solve discrete stochastic…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Deniz Preil , Michael Krapp

The evaluation of hyperparameters, neural architectures, or data augmentation policies becomes a critical model selection problem in advanced deep learning with a large hyperparameter search space. In this paper, we propose an efficient and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-17 Yimin Huang , Yujun Li , Hanrong Ye , Zhenguo Li , Zhihua Zhang

The contextual multi-armed bandit (MAB) problem is crucial in sequential decision-making. A line of research, known as online clustering of bandits, extends contextual MAB by grouping similar users into clusters, utilizing shared features…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Zhuohua Li , Maoli Liu , Xiangxiang Dai , John C. S. Lui

Selecting the best large language model (LLM) for a fixed benchmark is often expensive, since exhaustive evaluation requires running every model on every example. Multi-armed bandit (MAB) algorithms can reduce the number of LLM calls by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Elad Tolochinsky , Yaniv Tenzer , Yaniv Romano

Large language models (LLMs) have become powerful and widely used systems for language understanding and generation, while multi-armed bandit (MAB) algorithms provide a principled framework for adaptive decision-making under uncertainty.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Siguang Chen , Chunli Lv , Miao Xie
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