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As Large Language Models (LLMs) and generative AI become increasingly widespread, concerns about content safety have grown in parallel. Currently, there is a clear lack of high-quality, human-annotated datasets that address the full…

The growing adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) has influenced the development of Small Language Models (SLMs) for on-device deployment across smartphones and edge devices, offering enhanced privacy, reduced latency, server-free…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Kalyan Nakka , Jimmy Dani , Ausmit Mondal , Nitesh Saxena

Large language models (LLMs) have convincing performance in a variety of downstream tasks. However, these systems are prone to generating undesirable outputs such as harmful and biased text. In order to remedy such generations, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Manish Nagireddy , Inkit Padhi , Soumya Ghosh , Prasanna Sattigeri

The rapid development of autonomous web agents powered by Large Language Models (LLMs), while greatly elevating efficiency, exposes the frontier risk of taking unintended or harmful actions. This situation underscores an urgent need for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Boyuan Zheng , Zeyi Liao , Scott Salisbury , Zeyuan Liu , Michael Lin , Qinyuan Zheng , Zifan Wang , Xiang Deng , Dawn Song , Huan Sun , Yu Su

With the increasing adoption of large language models (LLMs), ensuring the safety of LLM systems has become a pressing concern. External LLM-based guardrail models have emerged as a popular solution to screen unsafe inputs and outputs, but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Yining She , Daniel W. Peterson , Marianne Menglin Liu , Vikas Upadhyay , Mohammad Hossein Chaghazardi , Eunsuk Kang , Dan Roth

Maintaining the safety of large language models (LLMs) is crucial as they are increasingly deployed in real-world applications. Existing safety guardrails typically rely on single-pass classification or, more recently, distilled reasoning.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Siddharth Sai , Xiaofei Wen , Muhao Chen

In recent years, the rapid development of large language models (LLMs) has achieved remarkable performance across various tasks. However, research indicates that LLMs are vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, where adversaries can induce the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Jiawei Zhao , Kejiang Chen , Xiaojian Yuan , Weiming Zhang

With the recent proliferation of large language models (LLMs), enterprises have been able to rapidly develop proof-of-concepts and prototypes. As a result, there is a growing need to implement robust guardrails that monitor, quantize and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Aaron Zheng , Mansi Rana , Andreas Stolcke

Intent detection, a core component of natural language understanding, has considerably evolved as a crucial mechanism in safeguarding large language models (LLMs). While prior work has applied intent detection to enhance LLMs' moderation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Jun Zhuang , Haibo Jin , Ye Zhang , Zhengjian Kang , Wenbin Zhang , Gaby G. Dagher , Haohan Wang

Although the integration of large language models (LLMs) into robotics has unlocked transformative capabilities, it has also introduced significant safety concerns, ranging from average-case LLM errors (e.g., hallucinations) to adversarial…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Zachary Ravichandran , Alexander Robey , Vijay Kumar , George J. Pappas , Hamed Hassani

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has increased the need for guardrail models to ensure responsible use, particularly in detecting unsafe and illegal content. While substantial safety data exist in English, multilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Yihe Deng , Yu Yang , Junkai Zhang , Wei Wang , Bo Li

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has driven their adoption across diverse domains, yet their ability to generate harmful content poses significant safety challenges. While extensive research has focused on mitigating…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Yuanzhe Shen , Zisu Huang , Zhengkang Guo , Yide Liu , Guanxu Chen , Ruicheng Yin , Xiaoqing Zheng , Xuanjing Huang

Large Language Model (LLM) agents increasingly operate across domains such as robotics, virtual assistants, and web automation. However, their stochastic decision-making introduces safety risks that are difficult to anticipate during…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Haoyu Wang , Christopher M. Poskitt , Jiali Wei , Jun Sun

Many developers rely on Large Language Models (LLMs) to facilitate software development. Nevertheless, these models have exhibited limited capabilities in the security domain. We introduce LLMSecGuard, a framework to offer enhanced code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Arya Kavian , Mohammad Mehdi Pourhashem Kallehbasti , Sajjad Kazemi , Ehsan Firouzi , Mohammad Ghafari

Backdoor attacks pose a significant threat to Large Language Models (LLMs), where adversaries can embed hidden triggers to manipulate LLM's outputs. Most existing defense methods, primarily designed for classification tasks, are ineffective…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Zihan Wang , Rui Zhang , Hongwei Li , Wenshu Fan , Wenbo Jiang , Qingchuan Zhao , Guowen Xu

The jailbreak attack can bypass the safety measures of a Large Language Model (LLM), generating harmful content. This misuse of LLM has led to negative societal consequences. Currently, there are two main approaches to address jailbreak…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Zezhong Wang , Fangkai Yang , Lu Wang , Pu Zhao , Hongru Wang , Liang Chen , Qingwei Lin , Kam-Fai Wong

Omni-modal Large Language Models (OLLMs) that process text, images, videos, and audio introduce new challenges for safety and value guardrails in human-AI interaction. Prior guardrail research largely targets unimodal settings and typically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Boyu Zhu , Xiaofei Wen , Wenjie Jacky Mo , Tinghui Zhu , Yanan Xie , Peng Qi , Muhao Chen

With the ubiquity of Large Language Models (LLMs), guardrails have become crucial to detect and defend against toxic content. However, with the increasing pervasiveness of LLMs in multilingual scenarios, their effectiveness in handling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Yahan Yang , Soham Dan , Dan Roth , Insup Lee

Large language models (LLMs) now mediate many web-based mental-health, crisis, and other emotionally sensitive services, yet their psychosocial safety in these settings remains poorly understood and weakly evaluated. We present DialogGuard,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Han Luo , Guy Laban

Safety guardrails have become an active area of research in AI safety, aimed at ensuring the appropriate behavior of large language models (LLMs). However, existing research lacks consideration of nuances across linguistic and cultural…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Hua-Rong Chu , Kuan-Chun Wang , Yao-Te Huang