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We introduce Performers, Transformer architectures which can estimate regular (softmax) full-rank-attention Transformers with provable accuracy, but using only linear (as opposed to quadratic) space and time complexity, without relying on…

Recently, transformer-based generative recommendation has garnered significant attention for user behavior modeling. However, it often requires discretizing items into multi-code representations (e.g., typically four code tokens or more),…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Longtao Xiao , Haolin Zhang , Guohao Cai , Jieming Zhu , Yifan Wang , Heng Chang , Zhenhua Dong , Xiu Li , Ruixuan Li

This paper is on long-term video understanding where the goal is to recognise human actions over long temporal windows (up to minutes long). In prior work, long temporal context is captured by constructing a long-term memory bank consisting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Ioanna Ntinou , Enrique Sanchez , Georgios Tzimiropoulos

To improve the robustness of transformer neural networks used for temporal-dynamics prediction of chaotic systems, we propose a novel attention mechanism called easy attention which we demonstrate in time-series reconstruction and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Marcial Sanchis-Agudo , Yuning Wang , Roger Arnau , Luca Guastoni , Jasmin Lim , Karthik Duraisamy , Ricardo Vinuesa

Transformer-based approaches have demonstrated remarkable success in various sequence-based tasks. However, traditional self-attention models may not sufficiently capture the intricate dependencies within items in sequential recommendation…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Yuli Liu , Min Liu , Xiaojing Liu

Processing 3D data efficiently has always been a challenge. Spatial operations on large-scale point clouds, stored as sparse data, require extra cost. Attracted by the success of transformers, researchers are using multi-head attention for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Mahdi Saleh , Yige Wang , Nassir Navab , Benjamin Busam , Federico Tombari

The attention mechanisms of transformers effectively extract pertinent information from the input sequence. However, the quadratic complexity of self-attention w.r.t the sequence length incurs heavy computational and memory burdens,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Guan Shen , Jieru Zhao , Quan Chen , Jingwen Leng , Chao Li , Minyi Guo

Transformer models have achieved state-of-the-art results across a diverse range of domains. However, concern over the cost of training the attention mechanism to learn complex dependencies between distant inputs continues to grow. In…

Modeling long sequences of user behaviors has emerged as a critical frontier in generative recommendation. However, existing solutions face a dilemma: linear attention mechanisms achieve efficiency at the cost of retrieval precision due to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Lei Xin , Yuhao Zheng , Ke Cheng , Changjiang Jiang , Zifan Zhang , Fanhu Zeng

Neural operators offer a powerful data-driven framework for learning mappings between function spaces, in which the transformer-based neural operator architecture faces a fundamental scalability-accuracy trade-off: softmax attention…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Ming Zhong , Zhenya Yan

We formulate an attention mechanism for continuous and ordered sequences that explicitly functions as an alignment model, which serves as the core of many sequence-to-sequence tasks. Standard scaled dot-product attention relies on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Hyungjoon Soh , Junghyo Jo

Transformers have excelled in many tasks including vision. However, efficient deployment of transformer models in low-latency or high-throughput applications is hindered by the computation in the attention mechanism which involves expensive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-12 John Yang , Le An , Su Inn Park

The attention mechanism is the computational core of modern Transformer architectures, but its quadratic complexity in the input sequence length is the bottleneck for large-scale inference. This has motivated a rapidly growing body of work…

The Softmax attention mechanism in Transformer models is notoriously computationally expensive, particularly due to its quadratic complexity, posing significant challenges in vision applications. In contrast, linear attention provides a far…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Qihang Fan , Huaibo Huang , Ran He

In domains where users tend to develop long-term preferences that do not change too frequently, the stability of recommendations is an important factor of the perceived quality of a recommender system. In such cases, unstable…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Oluwafemi Olaleke , Ivan Oseledets , Evgeny Frolov

Transformers have become prevalent in computer vision due to their performance and flexibility in modelling complex operations. Of particular significance is the 'cross-attention' operation, which allows a vector representation (e.g. of an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Ali Athar , Jonathon Luiten , Alexander Hermans , Deva Ramanan , Bastian Leibe

Linear attention mechanisms have emerged as efficient alternatives to full self-attention in Graph Transformers, offering linear time complexity. However, existing linear attention models often suffer from a significant drop in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Zhaolin Hu , Kun Li , Hehe Fan , Yi Yang

Sequential recommendation is a popular paradigm in modern recommender systems. In particular, one challenging problem in this space is cross-domain sequential recommendation (CDSR), which aims to predict future behaviors given user…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Clark Mingxuan Ju , Leonardo Neves , Bhuvesh Kumar , Liam Collins , Tong Zhao , Yuwei Qiu , Qing Dou , Sohail Nizam , Sen Yang , Neil Shah

Convolutional operations have two limitations: (1) do not explicitly model where to focus as the same filter is applied to all the positions, and (2) are unsuitable for modeling long-range dependencies as they only operate on a small…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-03 Xiaofang Wang , Xuehan Xiong , Maxim Neumann , AJ Piergiovanni , Michael S. Ryoo , Anelia Angelova , Kris M. Kitani , Wei Hua

In deep learning theory, the covariance matrix of the representations serves as a proxy to examine the network's trainability. Motivated by the success of Transformers, we study the covariance matrix of a modified Softmax-based attention…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-12-12 Lorenzo Noci , Chuning Li , Mufan Bill Li , Bobby He , Thomas Hofmann , Chris Maddison , Daniel M. Roy