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Modeling expressive cross-modal interactions seems crucial in multimodal tasks, such as visual question answering. However, sometimes high-performing black-box algorithms turn out to be mostly exploiting unimodal signals in the data. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Jack Hessel , Lillian Lee

Vision-language models enable the understanding and reasoning of complex traffic scenarios through multi-source information fusion, establishing it as a core technology for autonomous driving. However, existing vision-language models are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Minghui Hou , Wei-Hsing Huang , Shaofeng Liang , Daizong Liu , Tai-Hao Wen , Gang Wang , Runwei Guan , Weiping Ding

Autonomous driving necessitates advanced object detection techniques that integrate information from multiple modalities to overcome the limitations associated with single-modal approaches. The challenges of aligning diverse data in early…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Qihang Yang , Yang Zhao , Hong Cheng

Multimodal emotion recognition (MER) extracts emotions from multimodal data, including visual, speech, and text inputs, playing a key role in human-computer interaction. Attention-based fusion methods dominate MER research, achieving strong…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jiajun He , Jinyi Mi , Tomoki Toda

Learning contextual and spatial environmental representations enhances autonomous vehicle's hazard anticipation and decision-making in complex scenarios. Recent perception systems enhance spatial understanding with sensor fusion but often…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Shoaib Azam , Farzeen Munir , Ville Kyrki , Moongu Jeon , Witold Pedrycz

A cooperative intelligent transport system (C-ITS) uses vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technology to make self-driving vehicles safer and more efficient. Current C-ITS applications have mainly focused on real-time information sharing, such as…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-07-15 Masaya Mizutani , Manabu Tsukada , Hiroshi Esaki

In-vehicle emotion recognition underpins adaptive driver-assistance systems and, ultimately, occupant safety. However, practical deployment is hindered by (i) modality fragility - poor lighting and occlusions degrade vision-based methods;…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Baran Can Gül , Suraksha Nadig , Stefanos Tziampazis , Nasser Jazdi , Michael Weyrich

Emotion recognition is a core research area at the intersection of artificial intelligence and human communication analysis. It is a significant technical challenge since humans display their emotions through complex idiosyncratic…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-09-14 Paul Pu Liang , Amir Zadeh , Louis-Philippe Morency

Advanced in-cabin sensing technologies, especially vision based approaches, have tremendously progressed user interaction inside the vehicle, paving the way for new applications of natural user interaction. Just as humans use multiple modes…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-02-16 Abdul Rafey Aftab , Michael von der Beeck

As artificial intelligence systems increasingly operate in Real-world environments, the integration of multi-modal data sources such as vision, language, and audio presents both unprecedented opportunities and critical challenges for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Sree Bhargavi Balija

Accurate 3D object detection for autonomous driving requires complementary sensors. Cameras provide dense semantics but unreliable depth, while millimeter-wave radar offers precise range and velocity measurements with sparse geometry. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Mayank Mayank , Bharanidhar Duraisamy , Florian Geiß , Abhinav Valada

Fusing different sensor modalities can be a difficult task, particularly if they are asynchronous. Asynchronisation may arise due to long processing times or improper synchronisation during calibration, and there must exist a way to still…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Seamie Hayes , Sushil Sharma , Ciarán Eising

Map construction task plays a vital role in providing precise and comprehensive static environmental information essential for autonomous driving systems. Primary sensors include cameras and LiDAR, with configurations varying between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Xiaoshuai Hao , Yunfeng Diao , Mengchuan Wei , Yifan Yang , Peng Hao , Rong Yin , Hui Zhang , Weiming Li , Shu Zhao , Yu Liu

Multimodal camera-LiDAR fusion technology has found extensive application in 3D object detection, demonstrating encouraging performance. However, existing methods exhibit significant performance degradation in challenging scenarios…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Sixian Liu , Chen Xu , Qiang Wang , Donghai Shi , Yiwen Li

Accurate motion understanding of the dynamic objects within the scene in bird's-eye-view (BEV) is critical to ensure a reliable obstacle avoidance system and smooth path planning for autonomous vehicles. However, this task has received…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Hiep Truong Cong , Ajay Kumar Sigatapu , Arindam Das , Yashwanth Sharma , Venkatesh Satagopan , Ganesh Sistu , Ciaran Eising

Accurate prediction of communication link quality metrics is essential for vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) systems, enabling smooth handovers, efficient beam management, and reliable low-latency communication. The increasing availability of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Kimia Ehsani , Walid Saad

Emotion recognition is essential for applications in affective computing and behavioral prediction, but conventional systems relying on single-modality data often fail to capture the complexity of affective states. To address this…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Jianlu Wang , Yanan Wang , Tong Liu

Existing data collection methods for traffic operations and control usually rely on infrastructure-based loop detectors or probe vehicle trajectories. Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) not only can report data about themselves but…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-08-05 Hanlin Chen , Brian Liu , Xumiao Zhang , Feng Qian , Z. Morley Mao , Yiheng Feng

Infrared-visible image fusion aims to create an information-rich fused image by integrating the complementary thermal saliency from infrared sensing and fine textures from visible imaging. Such accurate fusion is essential for real-world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Zhenyu Sun , Luobin Zhang , Axi Niu , Haishen Wang , Qingsen Yan

Multi-modality image fusion aims at fusing modality-specific (complementarity) and modality-shared (correlation) information from multiple source images. To tackle the problem of the neglect of inter-feature relationships, high-frequency…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Xiaoli Zhang , Liying Wang , Libo Zhao , Xiongfei Li , Siwei Ma