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Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) enables parameter-efficient fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs), and recent Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) extensions further enhance flexibility by dynamically combining multiple LoRA experts. However, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Lin Mu , Haiyang Wang , Li Ni , Lei Sang , Zhize Wu , Peiquan Jin , Yiwen Zhang

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a widely used technique for fine-tuning large pre-trained or foundational models across different modalities and tasks. However, its application to time series data, particularly within foundational models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Divij Gupta , Anubhav Bhatti , Suraj Parmar , Chen Dan , Yuwei Liu , Bingjie Shen , San Lee

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods like Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) have become the dominant paradigm for adapting large pretrained models. We present a theoretical framework explaining an underexplored property: LoRA's inherent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Brady Steele

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has demonstrated strong generalization capabilities across a variety of tasks for efficiently fine-tuning AI models, especially on resource-constrained edges. However, in real-world applications, edge users often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Miaoge Li , Yang Chen , Zhijie Rao , Can Jiang , Jingcai Guo

How to adapt a pre-trained model continuously for sequential tasks with different prediction class labels and domains and finally learn a generalizable model across diverse tasks is a long-lasting challenge. Continual learning (CL) has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Xiaobing Yu , Jin Yang , Xiao Wu , Peijie Qiu , Xiaofeng Liu

This work introduces reduced models based on Continuous Low Rank Adaptation (CoLoRA) that pre-train neural networks for a given partial differential equation and then continuously adapt low-rank weights in time to rapidly predict the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Jules Berman , Benjamin Peherstorfer

Self-supervised learning (SSL) leverages large amounts of unlabelled data to learn rich speech representations, fostering improvements in automatic speech recognition (ASR), even when only a small amount of labelled data is available for…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-28 Carlos Carvalho , Alberto Abad

This paper explores how theory can guide and enhance practical algorithms, using Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA, Hu et al. 2022) in large language models as a case study. We rigorously prove that, under gradient descent, LoRA adapters align with…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-24 Yuanhe Zhang , Fanghui Liu , Yudong Chen

Continuous knowledge updating for pre-trained large language models (LLMs) is increasingly necessary yet remains challenging. Although inference-time methods like In-Context Learning (ICL) and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Seungju Back , Dongwoo Lee , Naun Kang , Taehee Lee , S. K. Hong , Youngjune Gwon , Sungjin Ahn

The dominant paradigm for Audio-Text Retrieval (ATR) relies on dual-encoder architectures optimized via mini-batch contrastive learning. However, restricting optimization to local in-batch samples creates a fundamental limitation we term…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-25 Siyuan Fu , Xuchen Guo , Mingjun Liu , Hongxiang Li , Boyin Tan , Gongxi Zhu , Xianwei Zhuang , Jinghan Ru , Yuxin Xie , Yuguo Yin

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is widely used for federated fine-tuning. Yet under non-IID settings, it can substantially underperform full-parameter fine-tuning. Through with-high-probability robustness analysis, we uncover that this gap can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Hongyi Peng , Han Yu , Xiaoxiao Li , Qiang Yang

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods such as LoRA enable efficient adaptation of large pretrained models but often fall short of full fine-tuning performance. Existing approaches focus on aligning parameter updates, which only indirectly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Frédéric Zheng , Alexandre Proutière

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) with low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is a cost-effective way to incorporate information from a specific dataset. However, when a problem requires incorporating information from multiple datasets - as in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Liyi Zhang , Jake Snell , Thomas L. Griffiths

Visual speech recognition (VSR), also known as lip reading, is the task of recognizing speech from silent video. Despite significant advancements in VSR over recent decades, most existing methods pay limited attention to real-world visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Tianyue Wang , Shuang Yang , Shiguang Shan , Xilin Chen

This review examines recent advances in Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT), with a focus on Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), to optimize Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems like Qwen3, DeepSeek, and Kimi. These systems face…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-13 David Santandreu Calonge , Linda Smail

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is a parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) method widely used in large language models (LLMs). It approximates the update of a pretrained weight matrix $W\in\mathbb{R}^{m\times n}$ by the product of two low-rank…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Shiwei Li , Xiandi Luo , Haozhao Wang , Xing Tang , Ziqiang Cui , Dugang Liu , Yuhua Li , Xiuqiang He , Ruixuan Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) are driving advancements in artificial intelligence by increasing the scale of model parameters, which has significantly enhanced generalization ability and unlocked new capabilities in practice. However, their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Chenxing Wei , Yao Shu , Ying Tiffany He , Fei Richard Yu

Efficient finetuning of large language models (LLMs) aims to adapt the LLMs with reduced computational and memory cost. Previous LoRA-based approaches initialize the low-rank matrices with Gaussian distribution and zero values while keeping…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Hanqing Wang , Yixia Li , Shuo Wang , Guanhua Chen , Yun Chen

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has become a de facto standard for adapting Large Language Models (LLMs). However, we identify a critical vulnerability within popular low-rank adaptation methods like LoRA: their tendency to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Yupeng Chang , Yi Chang , Yuan Wu

Speaker-Attributed Automatic Speech Recognition (SAA) enhances traditional ASR systems by incorporating relative speaker identity tags directly into the transcript (e.g., [Speaker 1]:, [Speaker 2]:). In this work, we extend the capabilities…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-14 Hagai Aronowitz , Zvi Kons , Avihu Dekel , George Saon , Ron Hoory
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