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Shock acceleration is an ubiquitous phenomenon in astrophysical plasmas. Plasma waves and their associated instabilities (e.g., the Buneman instability, two-streaming instability, and the Weibel instability) created in the shocks are…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 K. -I. Nishikawa , P. Hardee , G. Richardson , R. Preece , H. Sol , G. J. Fishman

Using in situ data, accumulated in the turbulent magnetosheath by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) Mission, we report a statistical study of magnetic field curvature and discuss its role in the turbulent space plasmas. Consistent with…

The theoretical prediction that magnetic reconnection spontaneously drives turbulence has been supported by magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and kinetic simulations. While reconnection with externally driven turbulence is accepted as an effective…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2023-08-16 Jian-Fu Zhang , Siyao Xu , Alex Lazarian , Grzegorz Kowal

A simple model for variability in relativistic plasma outflows is studied, in which nonthermal electrons are continuously and uniformly injected in the comoving frame over a time interval dt. The evolution of the electron distribution is…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 Charles D. Dermer

The hot plasma within merging galaxy clusters is predicted to be filled with shocks and turbulence that may convert part of their kinetic energy into relativistic electrons and magnetic fields generating synchrotron radiation. Analyzing Low…

Shock acceleration is an ubiquitous phenomenon in astrophysical plasmas. Plasma waves and their associated instabilities (e.g., Buneman, Weibel and other two-stream instabilities) created in collisionless shocks are responsible for particle…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 K. -I. Nishikawa , P. Hardee , G. Richardson , R. Preece , H. Sol , G. J. Fishman

We investigate the dynamics and radiation from a relativistic blast-wave which decelerates as it sweeps up ambient matter. The bulk kinetic energy of the blast-wave shell is converted into internal energy by the process of accreting…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 J. Chiang , C. D. Dermer

The efficiency of particle acceleration at shock waves in relativistic, magnetized astrophysical outflows is a debated topic with far-reaching implications. Here, for the first time, we study the impact of turbulence in the pre-shock…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-07-06 Virginia Bresci , Martin Lemoine , Laurent Gremillet

We discuss the physics of stochastic particle acceleration in relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence, combining numerical simulations of test-particle acceleration in synthetic wave turbulence spectra with detailed analytical…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-07-06 Camilia Demidem , Martin Lemoine , Fabien Casse

Based on the drift-kinetic theory, we develop a model for particle acceleration and transport in solar flares. The model describes the evolution of the particle distribution function by means of a numerical simulation of the drift-kinetic…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 T. Minoshima , S. Masuda , Y. Miyoshi

An electron irradiated by a linearly polarized relativistic intensity laser pulse in a cylindrical plasma channel can gain significant energy from the pulse. The laser electric and magnetic fields drive electron oscillations in a plane…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2016-03-23 A. V. Arefiev , V. N. Khudik , A. P. L. Robinson , G. Shvets , L. Willingale

We investigate acceleration and propagation processes of high-energy particles inside hot accretion flows. The magnetorotational instability (MRI) creates turbulence inside accretion flows, which triggers magnetic reconnection and may…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-12-03 Shigeo S. Kimura , Kengo Tomida , Kohta Murase

The spectrum of electromagnetic emission generated by relativistic electrons scattered on small-scale random magnetic fields, implied by current models of the magnetic field generation in the gamma-ray burst sources, is considered. The…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Gregory D. Fleishman

Simulations of relativistic plasmas traditionally focus on the dynamics of two-species mixtures of charged particles under the influence of external magnetic fields and those generated by particle currents. However, the extreme conditions…

The synchrotron emission observed in plerions depends on the characteristics of the magnetic fields and relativistic electrons in these supernova remnants. Therefore an analysis of the spectral and spatial properties of this emission,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Rino Bandiera

Observations of galaxy clusters show that the intracluster medium (ICM) is likely to be turbulent and is certainly magnetized. The properties of this magnetized turbulence are determined both by fundamental nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 A. A. Schekochihin , S. C. Cowley

Particle dynamics are investigated in plasma turbulence, using self-consistent kinetic simulations, in two dimensions. In steady state, the trajectories of single protons and proton-pairs are studied, at different values of plasma "beta"…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2016-08-31 S. Servidio , C. T. Haynes , W. H. Matthaeus , D. Burgess , V. Carbone , P. Veltri

The scattering of electromagnetic radiation by the particle gyrating in an external magnetic field is considered. Particular attention is paid to the low-frequency case, when the frequencies of incident radiation are much less than the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 S. A. Petrova

Energy densities of relativistic electrons and protons in extended galactic and intracluster regions are commonly determined from spectral radio and (rarely) $\gamma$-ray measurements. The time-independent particle spectral density…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-03 Yoel Rephaeli , Massimo Persic

This paper studies acceleration processes of background thermal electrons in X-ray binary jets via turbulent stochastic interactions and shock collisions. By considering turbulent magnetized jets mixed with fluctuation magnetic fields and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-11-29 Jian-Fu Zhang , Zhi-Ren Li , Fu-Yuan Xiang , Ju-Fu Lu