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Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been shown lack of robustness for the vulnerability of their classification to small perturbations on the inputs. This has led to safety concerns of applying DNNs to safety-critical domains. Several…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Jianlin Li , Pengfei Yang , Jiangchao Liu , Liqian Chen , Xiaowei Huang , Lijun Zhang

Recent developments in deep neural networks (DNNs) have led to their adoption in safety-critical systems, which in turn has heightened the need for guaranteeing their safety. These safety properties of DNNs can be proven using tools…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Remi Desmartin , Omri Isac , Grant Passmore , Kathrin Stark , Guy Katz , Ekaterina Komendantskaya

This paper is a brief introduction to our recently initiated project named VERIFAI: Traceability and verification of natural language requirements. The project addresses the challenges in the traceability and verification of formal…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Arshad Beg , Diarmuid O'Donoghue , Rosemary Monahan

Formal verification is only as good as the specification of a system, which is also true for neural network verification. Existing specifications follow the paradigm of data as specification, where the local neighborhood around a reference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Chuqin Geng , Zhaoyue Wang , Haolin Ye , Xujie Si

Recent advances in deep neural language models combined with the capacity of large scale datasets have accelerated the development of natural language generation systems that produce fluent and coherent texts (to various degrees of success)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Cristina Garbacea , Qiaozhu Mei

Boosted by deep learning, natural language processing (NLP) techniques have recently seen spectacular progress, mainly fueled by breakthroughs both in representation learning with word embeddings (e.g. word2vec) as well as novel…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Zied Ben Houidi , Dario Rossi

Writing specifications for computer programs is not easy since one has to take into account the disparate conceptual worlds of the application domain and of software development. To bridge this conceptual gap we propose controlled natural…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Norbert E. Fuchs , Rolf Schwitter

Early stages of system development involve outlining desired features such as functionality, availability, or usability. Specifications are derived from these features that concretize vague ideas presented in natural languages. The…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-10-09 Rongjie Yan , Chih-Hong Cheng , Guangquan Zhang , Yesheng Chai

Having reliable specifications is an unavoidable challenge in achieving verifiable correctness, robustness, and interpretability of AI systems. Existing specifications for neural networks are in the paradigm of data as specification. That…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-20 Chuqin Geng , Nham Le , Xiaojie Xu , Zhaoyue Wang , Arie Gurfinkel , Xujie Si

Deep neural networks are revolutionizing the way complex systems are developed. However, these automatically-generated networks are opaque to humans, making it difficult to reason about them and guarantee their correctness. Here, we propose…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Yuval Jacoby , Clark Barrett , Guy Katz

Testing remains the primary method to evaluate the accuracy of neural network perception systems. Prior work on the formal verification of neural network perception models has been limited to notions of local adversarial robustness for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Chris R. Serrano , Pape M. Sylla , Michael A. Warren

The success of Deep Learning and its potential use in many safety-critical applications has motivated research on formal verification of Neural Network (NN) models. Despite the reputation of learned NN models to behave as black boxes and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-23 Rudy Bunel , Ilker Turkaslan , Philip H. S. Torr , Pushmeet Kohli , M. Pawan Kumar

We develop a declarative DSL - \cf - that can be used to specify Abstract Interpretation-based DNN certifiers. In \cf, programmers can easily define various existing and new abstract domains and transformers, all within just a few 10s of…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Avaljot Singh , Yasmin Sarita , Charith Mendis , Gagandeep Singh

Formal verification of memory-manipulating programs critically depends on precise function specifications that capture memory states written by experts. This requirement has become a major bottleneck as large language models (LLMs)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Liao Zhang , Tong Chen , Xiwei Wu , Qi Liu , Xiyu Zhai , Xinqi Wang , Qinxiang Cao

Formal verification of neural networks is essential before their deployment in safety-critical applications. However, existing methods for formally verifying neural networks are not yet scalable enough to handle practical problems under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Tobias Ladner , Matthias Althoff

Extensive research on formal verification of machine learning systems indicates that learning from data alone often fails to capture underlying background knowledge, such as specifications implicitly available in the data. Various neural…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Thomas Flinkow , Barak A. Pearlmutter , Rosemary Monahan

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have become the technology of choice for realizing a variety of complex tasks. However, as highlighted by many recent studies, even an imperceptible perturbation to a correctly classified input can lead to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-27 Guy Amir , Tom Zelazny , Guy Katz , Michael Schapira

Formal verification of neural networks is essential for their deployment in safety-critical areas. Many available formal verification methods have been shown to be instances of a unified Branch and Bound (BaB) formulation. We propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-04 Jingyue Lu , M. Pawan Kumar

In an ever expanding set of research and application areas, deep neural networks (DNNs) set the bar for algorithm performance. However, depending upon additional constraints such as processing power and execution time limits, or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Nathan Dahlin , Krishna Chaitanya Kalagarla , Nikhil Naik , Rahul Jain , Pierluigi Nuzzo

When validated neural networks (NNs) are pruned (and retrained) before deployment, it is desirable to prove that the new NN behaves equivalently to the (original) reference NN. To this end, our paper revisits the idea of differential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Samuel Teuber , Philipp Kern , Marvin Janzen , Bernhard Beckert