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With the recent unprecedented advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) computing, progress in Large Language Models (LLMs) is accelerating rapidly, presenting challenges in establishing clear guidelines, particularly in the field of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Nafis Tanveer Islam , Joseph Khoury , Andrew Seong , Elias Bou-Harb , Peyman Najafirad

Though safety alignment has been applied to most large language models (LLMs), LLM service providers generally deploy a subsequent moderation as the external safety guardrail in real-world products. Existing moderators mainly practice a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Yang Li , Qiang Sheng , Yehan Yang , Xueyao Zhang , Juan Cao

Novel contexts may often arise in complex querying scenarios such as in evidence-based medicine (EBM) involving biomedical literature, that may not explicitly refer to entities or canonical concept forms occurring in any fact- or rule-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Manirupa Das , Juanxi Li , Eric Fosler-Lussier , Simon Lin , Soheil Moosavinasab , Steve Rust , Yungui Huang , Rajiv Ramnath

Omni-modal large language models (om-LLMs) achieve unified audio-visual understanding by encoding video and audio into temporally aligned token sequences interleaved at the window level. However, processing these dense non-textual tokens…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Zijie Xin , Jie Yang , Ruixiang Zhao , Tianyi Wang , Fengyun Rao , Jing Lyu , Xirong Li

Token Communication (TokenCom) is a new paradigm, motivated by the recent success of Large AI Models (LAMs) and Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), where tokens serve as unified units of communication and computation, enabling…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Jingxuan Men , Mahdi Boloursaz Mashhadi , Ning Wang , Yi Ma , Mike Nilsson , Rahim Tafazolli

This paper presents FluxMem, a training-free framework for efficient streaming video understanding. FluxMem adaptively compresses redundant visual memory through a hierarchical, two-stage design: (1) a Temporal Adjacency Selection (TAS)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yiweng Xie , Bo He , Junke Wang , Xiangyu Zheng , Ziyi Ye , Zuxuan Wu

This paper proposes a token-level serialized output training (t-SOT), a novel framework for streaming multi-talker automatic speech recognition (ASR). Unlike existing streaming multi-talker ASR models using multiple output branches, the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-18 Naoyuki Kanda , Jian Wu , Yu Wu , Xiong Xiao , Zhong Meng , Xiaofei Wang , Yashesh Gaur , Zhuo Chen , Jinyu Li , Takuya Yoshioka

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved strong performance across many tasks, yet most systems remain limited to offline inference, requiring complete inputs before generating outputs. Recent streaming methods reduce latency…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Junyan Lin , Junlong Tong , Hao Wu , Jialiang Zhang , Jinming Liu , Xin Jin , Xiaoyu Shen

Safety for Large Language Models (LLMs) has been an ongoing research focus since their emergence and is even more relevant nowadays with the increasing capacity of those models. Currently, there are several guardrails in place for all…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Eduard Stefan Dinuta , Iustin Sirbu , Traian Rebedea

Text-to-Video (T2V) models have demonstrated remarkable capability in generating temporally coherent videos from natural language prompts, yet they also risk producing unsafe content such as violence or explicit material. Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Quanchen Zou , Nizhang Li , Wenxin Zhang , Jiaye Lin , Yangchen Zeng , Xiangzheng Zhang , Zonghao Ying

Vision-language models (VLMs) could power real-time assistants and autonomous agents, but they face a critical challenge: understanding near-infinite video streams without escalating latency and memory usage. Processing entire videos with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Ruyi Xu , Guangxuan Xiao , Yukang Chen , Liuning He , Kelly Peng , Yao Lu , Song Han

Recent advancements in text-to-video models such as Sora, Gen-3, MovieGen, and CogVideoX are pushing the boundaries of synthetic video generation, with adoption seen in fields like robotics, autonomous driving, and entertainment. As these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-28 S P Sharan , Minkyu Choi , Sahil Shah , Harsh Goel , Mohammad Omama , Sandeep Chinchali

Neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, i.e., small input perturbations can significantly affect the outputs of a neural network. Therefore, to ensure safety of neural networks in safety-critical environments, the robustness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Lukas Koller , Tobias Ladner , Matthias Althoff

In autonomous driving, end-to-end (E2E) driving systems that predict control commands directly from sensor data have achieved significant advancements. For safe driving in unexpected scenarios, these systems may additionally rely on human…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Seo Hyun Kim , Jin Bok Park , Do Yeon Koo , Hogun Park , Il Yong Chun

Achieving high accuracy with low latency has always been a challenge in streaming end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. By attending to more future contexts, a streaming ASR model achieves higher accuracy but results in…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Huaibo Zhao , Yosuke Higuchi , Yusuke Kida , Tetsuji Ogawa , Tetsunori Kobayashi

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in safety-critical applications, robust content moderation becomes essential. We present a comprehensive evaluation of 14 open-source safety guard models on a curated benchmark of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Reetu Raj Harsh , Bhaskarjit Sarmah , Stefano Pasquali

Safe learning is essential for deploying learningbased controllers in safety-critical robotic systems, yet existing approaches often enforce multiple safety constraints uniformly or via fixed priority orders, leading to infeasibility and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Kiwan Wong , Wei Xiao , Daniela Rus

While there has been progress towards aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human values and ensuring safe behaviour at inference time, safety guards can easily be removed when fine tuned on unsafe and harmful datasets. While this…

This paper presents StreamChat, a novel approach that enhances the interaction capabilities of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) with streaming video content. In streaming interaction scenarios, existing methods rely solely on visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Jihao Liu , Zhiding Yu , Shiyi Lan , Shihao Wang , Rongyao Fang , Jan Kautz , Hongsheng Li , Jose M. Alvare

Online Video Large Language Models (VideoLLMs) play a critical role in supporting responsive, real-time interaction. Existing methods focus on streaming perception, lacking a synchronized logical reasoning stream. However, directly applying…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yiran Guan , Liang Yin , Dingkang Liang , Jianzhong Ju , Zhenbo Luo , Jian Luan , Yuliang Liu , Xiang Bai