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Agent skills today are static artifact: authored once -- by human curation or one-shot generation from parametric knowledge -- and then consumed unchanged, with no mechanism to improve from real use. We propose \textbf{SkillEvolver}, a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Genrui Zhang , Erle Zhu , Jinfeng Zhou , Caiyan Jia , Hongning Wang

Autonomous agents have rapidly matured as task executors and seen widespread deployment via harnesses such as OpenClaw. Safety concerns have rightly drawn growing research attention, and beneath them lie the values silently steering agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Haonan Dong , Qiguan Feng , Kehan Jiang , Haoran Ye , Xin Zhang , Guojie Song

Pre-trained on massive amounts of code and text data, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable achievements in performing code generation tasks. With additional execution-based feedback, these models can act as agents with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Jierui Li , Hung Le , Yingbo Zhou , Caiming Xiong , Silvio Savarese , Doyen Sahoo

Leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) to automatically formulate and solve optimization problems from natural language has emerged as an efficient paradigm for automated optimization. However, existing methods still exhibit limited…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Haochen Yang , Ke Zhao , Mengyuan Ma , Xingyu Lu , Xiangfeng Wang , Hong Qian

As the focus in LLM-based coding shifts from static single-step code generation to multi-step agentic interaction with tools and environments, understanding which tasks will challenge agents and why becomes increasingly difficult. This is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Chris Ge , Daria Kryvosheieva , Daniel Fried , Uzay Girit , Kaivalya Hariharan

Agentic systems that chain reasoning, tool use, and synthesis into multi-step workflows are entering production, yet prevailing evaluation practices like end-to-end outcome checks and ad-hoc trace inspection systematically mask the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Dongxin Guo , Jikun Wu , Siu Ming Yiu

Small language models are increasingly viewed as a promising, cost-effective approach to agentic AI, with proponents claiming they are sufficiently capable for agentic workflows. However, while smaller agents can closely match larger ones…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Lisa Alazraki , William F. Shen , Yoram Bachrach , Akhil Mathur

LLM-based agents represent a paradigm shift in AI, enabling autonomous systems to plan, reason, and use tools while interacting with dynamic environments. This paper provides the first comprehensive survey of evaluation methods for these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Asaf Yehudai , Lilach Eden , Alan Li , Guy Uziel , Yilun Zhao , Roy Bar-Haim , Arman Cohan , Michal Shmueli-Scheuer

To solve complex tasks, individuals often autonomously organize in teams. Examples of complex tasks include disaster relief rescue operations or project development in consulting. The teams that work on such tasks are adaptive at multiple…

General Economics · Economics 2021-03-04 Darío Blanco-Fernández , Stephan Leitner , Alexandra Rausch

This benchmark suite provides a comprehensive evaluation framework for assessing both individual LLMs and multi-agent systems in Real-world planning and scheduling scenarios. The suite encompasses 14 designed planning and scheduling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Longling Geng , Edward Y. Chang

Recent advances in agentic harness with orchestration frameworks that coordinate multiple agents with memory, skills, and tool use have achieved remarkable success in complex reasoning tasks. However, the underlying mechanism that truly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Jianing Wang , Linsen Guo , Zhengyu Chen , Qi Guo , Hongyu Zang , Wenjie Shi , Haoxiang Ma , Xiangyu Xi , Xiaoyu Li , Wei Wang , Xunliang Cai

We introduce ETOM, a five-level benchmark for evaluating multi-hop, end-to-end tool orchestration by LLM agents within a hierarchical Model-Context Protocol (MCP) ecosystem. Existing benchmarks often assess tools in isolation, overlooking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jia-Kai Dong , I-Wei Huang , Chun-Tin Wu , Yi-Tien Tsai

Agent skills extend LLM agents with reusable instructions, tool interfaces, and executable code, and users increasingly install third-party skills from marketplaces, repositories, and community channels. Because a skill exposes both…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Zhaojiacheng Zhou

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agentic systems have shown strong capabilities across various tasks. However, existing multi-agent frameworks often rely on static or task-level workflows, which either over-process simple queries or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Jinwei Su , Qizhen Lan , Yinghui Xia , Lifan Sun , Weiyou Tian , Tianyu Shi , Xinyuan Song , Lewei He , Yang Jingsong

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into software engineering has driven a transition from traditional rule-based systems to autonomous agentic systems capable of solving complex problems. However, systematic progress is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Jiale Guo , Suizhi Huang , Mei Li , Dong Huang , Xingsheng Chen , Regina Zhang , Zhijiang Guo , Han Yu , Siu-Ming Yiu , Pietro Lio , Kwok-Yan Lam

Multi-agent systems (MAS) are foundational in simulating complex real-world scenarios involving autonomous, interacting entities. However, traditional MAS architectures often suffer from rigid coordination mechanisms and difficulty adapting…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Kushagra Agrawal , Nisharg Nargund

The development of autonomous machine learning (ML) agents capable of end-to-end data science workflows represents a significant frontier in artificial intelligence. These agents must orchestrate complex sequences of data analysis, feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Yaswanth Chittepu , Raghavendra Addanki , Tung Mai , Anup Rao , Branislav Kveton

The potential of Large Language Model (LLM) as agents has been widely acknowledged recently. Thus, there is an urgent need to quantitatively \textit{evaluate LLMs as agents} on challenging tasks in interactive environments. We present…

Agentic AI marks a major shift in how autonomous systems reason, plan, and execute multi-step tasks. Unlike traditional single model prompting, agentic workflows integrate multiple specialized agents with different Large Language…

We present an agentic AI framework for autonomous multimodal query processing that coordinates specialized tools across text, image, audio, video, and document modalities. A central Supervisor dynamically decomposes user queries, delegates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Mayank Saini , Arit Kumar Bishwas
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