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Recently, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved exceptional performance across diverse tasks, continually surpassing previous expectations regarding their capabilities. Nevertheless, their proficiency in perceiving emotions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Daiqing Wu , Dongbao Yang , Sicheng Zhao , Can Ma , Yu Zhou

With generative AI advancing, empathy in human-AI interaction is essential. While prior work focuses on emotional reflection, emotional exploration, key to deeper engagement, remains overlooked. Existing LLMs rely on text which captures…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-12 Jing-Han Chen , Bo-Hao Su , Ya-Tse Wu , Chi-Chun Lee

Emotion recognition in conversations (ERC) is challenging due to the multimodal nature of the emotion expression. In this paper, we propose to pretrain a text-based recognition model from unsupervised speech transcripts with LLM guidance.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-22 Soumya Dutta , Sriram Ganapathy

Despite the recent achievements made in the multi-modal emotion recognition task, two problems still exist and have not been well investigated: 1) the relationship between different emotion categories are not utilized, which leads to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Wenliang Dai , Zihan Liu , Tiezheng Yu , Pascale Fung

The use of omni-LLMs (large language models that accept any modality as input), particularly for multimodal cognitive state tasks involving speech, is understudied. We present OmniVox, the first systematic evaluation of four omni-LLMs on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-31 John Murzaku , Owen Rambow

Emotion recognition from multi-modal physiological and behavioral signals plays a pivotal role in affective computing, yet most existing models remain constrained to the prediction of singular emotions in controlled laboratory settings.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Ming Li , Yong-Jin Liu , Fang Liu , Huankun Sheng , Yeying Fan , Yixiang Wei , Minnan Luo , Weizhan Zhang , Wenping Wang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown remarkable progress in visual reasoning and understanding tasks but still struggle to capture the complexity and subjectivity of human emotions. Existing approaches based on supervised…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Yiyang Fang , Wenke Huang , Pei Fu , Yihao Yang , Kehua Su , Zhenbo Luo , Jian Luan , Mang Ye

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly expected to navigate the nuances of human emotion. While research confirms that LLMs can simulate emotional intelligence, their internal emotional mechanisms remain largely unexplored. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Jingxiang Zhang , Lujia Zhong

Speech Large Language Models (LLMs) show great promise for speech emotion recognition (SER) via generative interfaces. However, shifting from closed-set classification to open text generation introduces zero-shot stochasticity, making…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Hezhao Zhang , Huang-Cheng Chou , Shrikanth Narayanan , Thomas Hain

Emotion recognition and sentiment analysis are pivotal tasks in speech and language processing, particularly in real-world scenarios involving multi-party, conversational data. This paper presents a multimodal approach to tackle these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Aref Farhadipour , Hossein Ranjbar , Masoumeh Chapariniya , Teodora Vukovic , Sarah Ebling , Volker Dellwo

Emotion understanding is a core capability for LLMs to interact effectively with humans, yet existing evaluation paradigms rely on discrete emotion label prediction and fail to capture the cognitive processes underlying emotion generation.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zhaoyue Sun , Hainiu Xu , Andero Uusberg , James J. Gross , Petr Slovak , Yulan He

Automatic emotion recognition is one of the central concerns of the Human-Computer Interaction field as it can bridge the gap between humans and machines. Current works train deep learning models on low-level data representations to solve…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-22 Mariana Rodrigues Makiuchi , Kuniaki Uto , Koichi Shinoda

While the automatic evaluation of omni-modal large models (OLMs) is essential, assessing empathy remains a significant challenge due to its inherent affectivity. To investigate this challenge, we introduce AEQ-Bench (Audio Empathy Quotient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Xuan Luo , Lewei Yao , Libo Zhao , Lanqing Hong , Kai Chen , Dehua Tao , Daxin Tan , Ruifeng Xu , Jing Li

Multimodal emotion recognition has attracted much attention recently. Fusing multiple modalities effectively with limited labeled data is a challenging task. Considering the success of pre-trained model and fine-grained nature of emotion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Junyi He , Meimei Wu , Meng Li , Xiaobo Zhu , Feng Ye

After the inception of emotion recognition or affective computing, it has increasingly become an active research topic due to its broad applications. Over the past couple of decades, emotion recognition models have gradually migrated from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Zixing Zhang , Liyizhe Peng , Tao Pang , Jing Han , Huan Zhao , Bjorn W. Schuller

Multimodal affective computing, learning to recognize and interpret human affects and subjective information from multiple data sources, is still challenging because: (i) it is hard to extract informative features to represent human affects…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-23 Yue Gu , Kangning Yang , Shiyu Fu , Shuhong Chen , Xinyu Li , Ivan Marsic

In this paper, we present a novel deep multimodal framework to predict human emotions based on sentence-level spoken language. Our architecture has two distinctive characteristics. First, it extracts the high-level features from both text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-02-26 Yue Gu , Shuhong Chen , Ivan Marsic

Although Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) have exhibited outstanding performance in auditory understanding, their performance in affective computing scenarios, particularly in emotion recognition, reasoning, and subtle sentiment…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Pengcheng Li , Botao Zhao , Zuheng Kang , Junqing Peng , Xiaoyang Qu , Yayun He , Jianzong Wang

Recent advances in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable multi- and cross-modal integration capabilities. However, their potential for fine-grained emotion understanding remains systematically underexplored.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Jing Han , Zhiqiang Gao , Shihao Gao , Jialing Liu , Hongyu Chen , Zixing Zhang , Björn W. Schuller

Emotion recognition based on body movements is vital in human-computer interaction. However, existing emotion recognition methods predominantly focus on enhancing classification accuracy, often neglecting the provision of textual…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Haifeng Lu , Jiuyi Chen , Feng Liang , Mingkui Tan , Runhao Zeng , Xiping Hu
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