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We aim to improve the reasoning capabilities of diffusion language models (DLMs). While SFT is a popular post-training recipe for autoregressive models, its use in DLMs faces challenges and can even hurt performance, though the underlying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Shubham Parashar , Atharv Chagi , Jacob Helwig , Lakshmi Jotsna , Sushil Vemuri , James Caverlee , Dileep Kalathil , Shuiwang Ji

Language is by its very nature incremental in how it is produced and processed. This property can be exploited by NLP systems to produce fast responses, which has been shown to be beneficial for real-time interactive applications. Recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Patrick Kahardipraja , Brielen Madureira , David Schlangen

The recent surge in 3D data acquisition has spurred the development of geometric deep learning models for point cloud processing, boosted by the remarkable success of transformers in natural language processing. While point cloud…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Alessandro Baiocchi , Indro Spinelli , Alessandro Nicolosi , Simone Scardapane

Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to autoregressive generation by enabling parallel token prediction. However, practical dLLM decoding still suffers from high inference latency, which limits…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Zhenbang Du , Kejing Xia , Xinrui Zhong , Yonggan Fu , Nicolai Oswald , Binfei Ji , Brucek Khailany , Pavlo Molchanov , Yingyan Lin

Transformers evaluated in a single, fixed-depth pass are provably limited in expressive power to the constant-depth circuit class TC0. Running a Transformer autoregressively removes that ceiling -- first in next-token prediction and, more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Mrinal Mathur , Mike Doan , Barak Pearlmutter , Sergey Plis

Recent advances in depth-recurrent language models show that recurrence can decouple train-time compute and parameter count from test-time compute. In this work, we study how to convert existing pretrained non-recurrent language models into…

With the success of language pretraining, it is highly desirable to develop more efficient architectures of good scalability that can exploit the abundant unlabeled data at a lower cost. To improve the efficiency, we examine the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-08 Zihang Dai , Guokun Lai , Yiming Yang , Quoc V. Le

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have achieved remarkable success in vision-language tasks, yet their vast parameter counts are often underutilized during both training and inference. In this work, we embrace the idea of looping back to move…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Ruihan Xu , Yuting Gao , Lan Wang , Jianing Li , Weihao Chen , Qingpei Guo , Ming Yang , Shiliang Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have been applied in various applications due to their astonishing capabilities. With advancements in technologies such as chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting and in-context learning (ICL), the prompts fed to LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Huiqiang Jiang , Qianhui Wu , Chin-Yew Lin , Yuqing Yang , Lili Qiu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive reasoning capabilities, but their substantial size often demands significant computational resources. To reduce resource consumption and accelerate inference, it is essential to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Yiran Zhao , Shengyang Zhou , Zijian Wu , Tongyan Hu , Yuhui Xu , Rengan Dou , Kenji Kawaguchi , Shafiq Joty , Junnan Li , Michael Qizhe Shieh

While reasoning large language models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable performance across various tasks, they also contain notable security vulnerabilities. Recent research has uncovered a "thinking-stopped" vulnerability in DeepSeek-R1, where…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Yu Cui , Yujun Cai , Yiwei Wang

Modern large language models (LLMs) driven by scaling laws, achieve intelligence emergency in large model sizes. Recently, the increasing concerns about cloud costs, latency, and privacy make it an urgent requirement to develop compact edge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Xingrun Xing , Zheng Liu , Shitao Xiao , Boyan Gao , Yiming Liang , Wanpeng Zhang , Haokun Lin , Guoqi Li , Jiajun Zhang

Computational efficiency has remained a critical consideration in scaling high-capacity language models, with inference latency and resource consumption presenting significant constraints on real-time applications. The study has introduced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Michael Mangrum , Jonathan Pemberton , Benedict Wetherby , Philip Montague

The capabilities of large language models (LLMs) are widely regarded as relying on autoregressive models (ARMs). We challenge this notion by introducing LLaDA, a diffusion model trained from scratch under the pre-training and supervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Shen Nie , Fengqi Zhu , Zebin You , Xiaolu Zhang , Jingyang Ou , Jun Hu , Jun Zhou , Yankai Lin , Ji-Rong Wen , Chongxuan Li

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated superior performance across various tasks by adhering to scaling laws, which significantly increase model size. However, the huge computation overhead during inference hinders the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Zekai Li , Jintu Zheng , Ji Liu , Han Liu , Haowei Zhu , Zeping Li , Fuwei Yang , Haiduo Huang , Jinzhang Peng , Dong Li , Lu Tian , Emad Barsoum

One emergent ability of large language models (LLMs) is that query-specific examples can be included in the prompt at inference time. In this work, we use active learning for adaptive prompt design and call it Active In-context Prompt…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Subhojyoti Mukherjee , Anusha Lalitha , Aniket Deshmukh , Ge Liu , Yifei Ma , Branislav Kveton

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding, yet they remain constrained by the finite capacity of their context windows and the inherent difficulty of maintaining long-term…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xun Xu

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit strong reasoning capabilities but typically require expensive post-training to reach high performance. Recent test-time alignment methods offer a lightweight alternative, but have been explored mainly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Arushi Rai , Qiang Zhang , Hanqing Zeng , Yunkai Zhang , Dipesh Tamboli , Xiangjun Fan , Zhuokai Zhao , Lizhu Zhang

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) promise parallel generation and bidirectional context, yet they underperform autoregressive (AR) models in both likelihood modeling and generated text quality. We identify that this performance gap arises…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Litu Rout , Constantine Caramanis , Sanjay Shakkottai

Large Language Models (LLMs) process every token through all layers of a transformer stack, causing wasted computation on simple queries and insufficient flexibility for harder ones that need deeper reasoning. Adaptive-depth methods can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Ahmed Heakl , Martin Gubri , Salman Khan , Sangdoo Yun , Seong Joon Oh