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Phishing websites pose a major cybersecurity threat, exploiting unsuspecting users and causing significant financial and organisational harm. Traditional machine learning approaches for phishing detection often require extensive feature…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Georg Goldenits , Philip Koenig , Sebastian Raubitzek , Andreas Ekelhart

Anti-phishing tools typically display generic warnings that offer users limited explanation on why a website is considered malicious, which can prevent end-users from developing the mental models needed to recognize phishing cues on their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Sayak Saha Roy , Cesar Torres , Shirin Nilizadeh

Anti-phishing aims to detect phishing content/documents in a pool of textual data. This is an important problem in cybersecurity that can help to guard users from fraudulent information. Natural language processing (NLP) offers a natural…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-05-07 Minh Nguyen , Toan Nguyen , Thien Huu Nguyen

Phishing campaigns involve adversaries masquerading as trusted vendors trying to trigger user behavior that enables them to exfiltrate private data. While URLs are an important part of phishing campaigns, communicative elements like text…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Fengchao Chen , Tingmin Wu , Van Nguyen , Carsten Rudolph

Large language models(LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on many natural language processing(NLP) tasks and have been employed in phishing email detection research. However, in current studies, well-performing LLMs typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Zijie Lin , Zikang Liu , Hanbo Fan

Blacklists are a widely-used Internet security mechanism to protect Internet users from financial scams, malicious web pages and other cyber attacks based on blacklisted URLs. In this demo, we introduce PhishChain, a transparent and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Shehan Edirimannage , Mohamed Nabeel , Charith Elvitigala , Chamath Keppitiyagama

This study examines how Artificial Intelligence can aid in identifying and mitigating cyber threats in the U.S. across four key areas: intrusion detection, malware classification, phishing detection, and insider threat analysis. Each of…

The growth of digitalization services via web browsers has simplified our daily routine of doing business. But at the same time, it has made the web browser very attractive for several cyber-attacks. Web phishing is a well-known cyberattack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Leand Thaqi , Arbnor Halili , Kamer Vishi , Blerim Rexha

Phishing emails typically masquerade themselves as reputable identities to trick people into providing sensitive information and credentials. Despite advancements in cybersecurity, attackers continuously adapt, posing ongoing threats to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Sijie Zhuo , Robert Biddle , Jared Daniel Recomendable , Giovanni Russello , Danielle Lottridge

Homoglyph attacks are a common technique used by hackers to conduct phishing. Domain names or links that are visually similar to actual ones are created via punycode to obfuscate the attack, making the victim more susceptible to phishing.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-11 Joon Sern Lee , Gui Peng David Yam , Jin Hao Chan

Phishing, whether through email, SMS, or malicious websites, poses a major threat to organizations by using social engineering to trick users into revealing sensitive information. It not only compromises company's data security but also…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Sakshi Mahendru , Tejul Pandit

Phishing attacks have become the most used technique in the online scams, initiating more than 91% of cyberattacks, from 2012 onwards. This study reviews how Phishing and Spear Phishing attacks are carried out by the phishers, through 5…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-02 Alessandro Ecclesie Agazzi

In recent years, Cyber attacks have increased in number, and with them, the intensity of the attacks and their potential to damage the user have also increased significantly. In an ever-advancing world, users find it difficult to keep up…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Latesh G. Malik , Rohini Shambharkar , Shivam Morey , Shubhlak Kanpate , Vedika Raut

Phishing attacks are among emerging security issues that recently draws significant attention in the cyber security community. There are numerous existing approaches for phishing URL detection. However, malicious URL detection is still a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Pingfan Xu

Research shows that phishing emails often utilize persuasion techniques, such as social proof, liking, consistency, authority, scarcity, and reciprocity to gain trust to obtain sensitive information or maliciously infect devices. The link…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Kalam Khadka , Abu Barkat Ullah , Wanli Ma , Elisa Martinez Marroquin

The escalating threat of phishing emails has become increasingly sophisticated with the rise of Large Language Models (LLMs). As attackers exploit LLMs to craft more convincing and evasive phishing emails, it is crucial to assess the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Khalifa Afane , Wenqi Wei , Ying Mao , Junaid Farooq , Juntao Chen

The hypothesis here states that neural network algorithms such as Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP) have higher accuracy in differentiating malicious and semi-structured phishing URLs. Compared to classical machine learning algorithms such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Pow Chang

Microarchitectural attacks represent a challenging and persistent threat to modern processors, exploiting inherent design vulnerabilities in processors to leak sensitive information or compromise systems. Of particular concern is the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Mohamadreza Rostami , Shaza Zeitouni , Rahul Kande , Chen Chen , Pouya Mahmoody , Jeyavijayan , Rajendran , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi

Smart contracts have transformed decentralized finance by enabling programmable, trustless transactions. However, their widespread adoption and growing financial significance have attracted persistent and sophisticated threats, such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Pasquale De Rosa , Pascal Felber , Valerio Schiavoni

Machine learning (ML) models are increasingly deployed in cybersecurity applications such as phishing detection and network intrusion prevention. However, these models remain vulnerable to adversarial perturbations small, deliberate input…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Mona Rajhans , Vishal Khawarey