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In the realm of cybersecurity, phishing stands as a prevalent cyber attack, where attackers employ various tactics to deceive users into gathering their sensitive information, potentially leading to identity theft or financial gain.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Aditya Kulkarni , Vivek Balachandran , Tamal Das

Phishing websites are still a major threat in today's Internet ecosystem. Despite numerous previous efforts, similarity-based detection methods do not offer sufficient protection for the trusted websites - in particular against unseen…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Sahar Abdelnabi , Katharina Krombholz , Mario Fritz

Phishing is the simplest form of cybercrime with the objective of baiting people into giving away delicate information such as individually recognizable data, banking and credit card details, or even credentials and passwords. This type of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-23 Moitrayee Chatterjee , Akbar Siami Namin

Phishing attacks attempt to deceive users into stealing sensitive information, posing a significant cybersecurity threat. Advances in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) have led to the development of numerous phishing webpage…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Aditya Kulkarni , Vivek Balachandran , Dinil Mon Divakaran , Tamal Das

Phishing remains a pervasive cyber threat, as attackers craft deceptive emails to lure victims into revealing sensitive information. While Artificial Intelligence (AI), in particular, deep learning, has become a key component in defending…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Fengchao Chen , Tingmin Wu , Van Nguyen , Shuo Wang , Alsharif Abuadbba , Carsten Rudolph

Phishing continues to be one of the most prevalent attack vectors, making accurate classification of phishing URLs essential. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising results in phishing URL detection. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Holly Trikilis , Pasindu Marasinghe , Fariza Rashid , Suranga Seneviratne

Web phishing remains a serious cyber threat responsible for most data breaches. Machine Learning (ML)-based anti-phishing detectors are seen as an effective countermeasure, and are increasingly adopted by web-browsers and software products.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Alsharif Abuadbba , Shuo Wang , Mahathir Almashor , Muhammed Ejaz Ahmed , Raj Gaire , Seyit Camtepe , Surya Nepal

Phishing sites continue to grow in volume and sophistication. Recent work leverages large language models (LLMs) to analyze URLs, HTML, and rendered content to decide whether a website is a phishing site. While these approaches are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Takashi Koide , Hiroki Nakano , Daiki Chiba

With the growth in digital transformation and Internet usage, the Social Engineering techniques such as Phishing have become a major concern for the users and the organizations. Phishing attacks involve deceptive techniques to trick users…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Nikhil Kumar Dora , Sumit Kumar Tetarave , Rishikesh Sahay , Madhusudan Singh , Xiaoqing Li

Many cyberattacks start with disseminating phishing URLs. When clicking these phishing URLs, the victim's private information is leaked to the attacker. There have been proposed several machine learning methods to detect phishing URLs.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Taeri Kim , Noseong Park , Jiwon Hong , Sang-Wook Kim

The way we communicate and work has changed significantly with the rise of the Internet. While it has opened up new opportunities, it has also brought about an increase in cyber threats. One common and serious threat is phishing, where…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Furkan Çolhak , Mert İlhan Ecevit , Bilal Emir Uçar , Reiner Creutzburg , Hasan Dağ

In this paper, we present a general scheme for building reproducible and extensible datasets for website phishing detection. The aim is to (1) enable comparison of systems using different features, (2) overtake the short-lived nature of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Abdelhakim Hannousse , Salima Yahiouche

Phishing is considered to be one of the most prevalent cyber-attacks because of its immense flexibility and alarmingly high success rate. Even with adequate training and high situational awareness, it can still be hard for users to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Orestis Christou , Nikolaos Pitropakis , Pavlos Papadopoulos , Sean McKeown , William J. Buchanan

The persistent growth in phishing and the rising volume of phishing websites has led to individuals and organizations worldwide becoming increasingly exposed to various cyber-attacks. Consequently, more effective phishing detection is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-09 Suleiman Y. Yerima , Mohammed K. Alzaylaee

Phishing attacks continue to be a significant threat on the Internet. Prior studies show that it is possible to determine whether a website is phishing or not just by analyzing its URL more carefully. A major advantage of the URL based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Harshal Tupsamudre , Sparsh Jain , Sachin Lodha

The Uniform Resource Locator (URL), introduced in a connectivity-first era to define access and locate resources, remains historically limited, lacking future-proof mechanisms for security, trust, or resilience against fraud and abuse,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Najmul Hasan , Prashanth BusiReddyGari

The emergence of online services in our daily lives has been accompanied by a range of malicious attempts to trick individuals into performing undesired actions, often to the benefit of the adversary. The most popular medium of these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Lukas Halgas , Ioannis Agrafiotis , Jason R. C. Nurse

The increase in the number of phishing demands innovative solutions to safeguard users from phishing attacks. This study explores the development and utilization of a real-time browser extension integrated with machine learning model to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Akshaya Arun , Nasr Abosata

Phishing attacks pose a significant cybersecurity threat, evolving rapidly to bypass detection mechanisms and exploit human vulnerabilities. This paper introduces PhishKey to address the challenges of adaptability, robustness, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Felipe Castaño , Eduardo Fidalgo , Enrique Alegre , Rocio Alaiz-Rodríguez , Raul Orduna , Francesco Zola

Phishing is a major problem on the Web. Despite the significant attention it has received over the years, there has been no definitive solution. While the state-of-the-art solutions have reasonably good performance, they require a large…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-04-26 Samuel Marchal , Kalle Saari , Nidhi Singh , N. Asokan