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The complexity and interconnectivity of entities involved in money laundering demand investigative reasoning over graph-structured data. This paper explores the use of large language models (LLMs) as reasoning engines over localized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Erfan Pirmorad

State-of-the-art differentially private synthetic tabular data has been defined by adaptive 'select-measure-generate' frameworks, exemplified by methods like AIM. These approaches iteratively measure low-order noisy marginals and fit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Samuel Maddock , Shripad Gade , Graham Cormode , Will Bullock

Data plays a fundamental role in consolidating markets, services, and products in the digital financial ecosystem. However, the use of real data, especially in the financial context, can lead to privacy risks and access restrictions,…

The global banking system has faced increasing challenges in combating money laundering, necessitating advanced methods for detecting suspicious transactions. Anti-money laundering (or AML) approaches have often relied on predefined…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Anthony Bonato , Juan Sebastian Chavez Palan , Adam Szava

Financial institutions are required by regulation to report suspicious financial transactions related to money laundering. Therefore, they need to constantly monitor vast amounts of incoming and outgoing transactions. A particular challenge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Bruno Deprez , Wei Wei , Wouter Verbeke , Bart Baesens , Kevin Mets , Tim Verdonck

Synthetic data generation has emerged as a promising approach to address the challenges of using sensitive financial data in machine learning applications. By leveraging generative models, such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 James Meldrum , Basem Suleiman , Fethi Rabhi , Muhammad Johan Alibasa

Money launderers take advantage of limitations in existing detection approaches by hiding their financial footprints in a deceitful manner. They manage this by replicating transaction patterns that the monitoring systems cannot easily…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Haseeb Tariq , Alen Kaja , Marwan Hassani

Due to the growing rise of cyber attacks in the Internet, flow-based data sets are crucial to increase the performance of the Machine Learning (ML) components that run in network-based intrusion detection systems (IDS). To overcome the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-09 Alberto Mozo , Ángel González-Prieto , Antonio Pastor , Sandra Gómez-Canaval , Edgar Talavera

The banking sector faces challenges in using deep learning due to data sensitivity and regulatory constraints, but generative AI may offer a solution. Thus, this study identifies effective algorithms for generating synthetic financial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Fabian Sven Karst , Sook-Yee Chong , Abigail A. Antenor , Enyu Lin , Mahei Manhai Li , Jan Marco Leimeister

Global illicit fund flows exceed an estimated $3.1 trillion annually, with stablecoins emerging as a preferred laundering medium due to their liquidity. While decentralized protocols increasingly adopt zero-knowledge proofs to obfuscate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Luciano Juvinski , Haochen Li , Alessio Brini

Current anti-money laundering (AML) systems, predominantly rule-based, exhibit notable shortcomings in efficiently and precisely detecting instances of money laundering. As a result, there has been a recent surge toward exploring…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Fredrik Johannessen , Martin Jullum

With the rising adoption of Machine Learning across the domains like banking, pharmaceutical, ed-tech, etc, it has become utmost important to adopt responsible AI methods to ensure models are not unfairly discriminating against any group.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Bhushan Chaudhari , Himanshu Chaudhary , Aakash Agarwal , Kamna Meena , Tanmoy Bhowmik

Using machine learning models to generate synthetic data has become common in many fields. Technology to generate synthetic transactions that can be used to detect fraud is also growing fast. Generally, this synthetic data contains only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Shuo Wang , Terrence Tricco , Xianta Jiang , Charles Robertson , John Hawkin

In the context of globalization and the rapid expansion of the digital economy, anti-money laundering (AML) has become a crucial aspect of financial oversight, particularly in cross-border transactions. The rising complexity and scale of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Qian Yu , Zhen Xu , Zong Ke

Recent advancements in money laundering detection have demonstrated the potential of using graph neural networks to capture laundering patterns accurately. However, existing models are not explicitly designed to detect the diverse patterns…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Yasaman Samadi , Hai Dong , Xiaoyu Xia

We explore the privacy-utility tradeoff of synthetic data generation schemes on tabular financial datasets, a domain characterized by high regulatory risk and severe class imbalance. We consider representative tabular data generators,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Michael Zuo , Inwon Kang , Stacy Patterson , Oshani Seneviratne

Anti-Money Laundering (AML) involves the identification of money laundering crimes in financial activities, such as cryptocurrency transactions. Recent studies advanced AML through the lens of graph-based machine learning, modeling the web…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Kiwhan Song , Mohamed Ali Dhraief , Muhua Xu , Locke Cai , Xuhao Chen , Arvind , Jie Chen

Money launderers exploit the weaknesses in detection systems by purposefully placing their ill-gotten money into multiple accounts, at different banks. That money is then layered and moved around among mule accounts to obscure the origin…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Haseeb Tariq , Marwan Hassani

Financial datasets often suffer from bias that can lead to unfair decision-making in automated systems. In this work, we propose FairFinGAN, a WGAN-based framework designed to generate synthetic financial data while mitigating bias with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Tai Le Quy , Dung Nguyen Tuan , Trung Nguyen Thanh , Duy Tran Cong , Huyen Giang Thi Thu , Frank Hopfgartner

Anti-money laundering (AML) regulations mandate financial institutions to deploy AML systems based on a set of rules that, when triggered, form the basis of a suspicious alert to be assessed by human analysts. Reviewing these cases is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Mário Cardoso , Pedro Saleiro , Pedro Bizarro