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The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has garnered significant popularity and wielded immense power across various domains within Natural Language Processing (NLP). While their capabilities are undeniably impressive, it is crucial to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Sara Abdali , Jia He , CJ Barberan , Richard Anarfi

The rising use of Large Language Models (LLMs) to create and disseminate malware poses a significant cybersecurity challenge due to their ability to generate and distribute attacks with ease. A single prompt can initiate a wide array of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Jamal Al-Karaki , Muhammad Al-Zafar Khan , Marwan Omar

Remote job submission and execution is fundamental requirement of distributed computing done using Cluster computing. However, Cluster computing limits usage within a single organization. Grid computing environment can allow use of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2014-07-16 Harshadkumar B. Prajapati , Vipul A. Shah

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently emerged as powerful tools in cybersecurity, offering advanced capabilities in malware detection, generation, and real-time monitoring. Numerous studies have explored their application in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Hamed Jelodar , Samita Bai , Parisa Hamedi , Hesamodin Mohammadian , Roozbeh Razavi-Far , Ali Ghorbani

Large Language Models (LLM) have been widely used in reranking. Computational overhead and large context lengths remain a challenging issue for LLM rerankers. Efficient reranking usually involves selecting a subset of the ranked list from…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Nilanjan Sinhababu , Soumedhik Bharati , Debasis Ganguly , Pabitra Mitra

Recent claims of strong performance by Large Language Models (LLMs) on causal discovery are undermined by a key flaw: many evaluations rely on benchmarks likely included in pretraining corpora. Thus, apparent success suggests that LLM-only…

Cyber attacks constitute a significant threat to organizations with implications ranging from economic, reputational, and legal consequences. As cybercriminals' techniques get sophisticated, information security professionals face a more…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-01 Emrah Tufan , Cihangir Tezcan , Cengiz Acartürk

Computational approaches have previously shown various promises and pitfalls when it comes to the reliable identification of media frames. Generative LLMs like GPT and Claude are increasingly being used as content analytical tools, but how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Sharaj Kunjar , Alyssa Hasegawa Smith , Tyler R Mckenzie , Rushali Mohbe , Samuel V Scarpino , Brooke Foucault Welles

Reinforcement learning (RL) tasks are challenging to implement, execute and test due to algorithmic instability, hyper-parameter sensitivity, and heterogeneous distributed communication patterns. We argue for the separation of logical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-04 Michael Schaarschmidt , Sven Mika , Kai Fricke , Eiko Yoneki

LLMs show promise in transforming software development, with a growing interest in integrating them into more intelligent apps. Frameworks like LangChain aid LLM-integrated app development, offering code execution utility/APIs for custom…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Tong Liu , Zizhuang Deng , Guozhu Meng , Yuekang Li , Kai Chen

Existing Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems face challenges in enterprise settings due to limited retrieval scope and data security risks. When relevant internal documents are unavailable, the system struggles to generate accurate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Grace Byun , Shinsun Lee , Nayoung Choi , Jinho D. Choi

In this paper, we explore the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) to reason about threats, generate information about tools, and automate cyber campaigns. We begin with a manual exploration of LLMs in supporting specific…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Stephen Moskal , Sam Laney , Erik Hemberg , Una-May O'Reilly

Transformer networks, particularly those achieving performance comparable to GPT models, are well known for their robust feature extraction abilities. However, the nature of these extracted features and their alignment with human-engineered…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Tanya Chowdhury , Atharva Nijasure , James Allan

Recently, people have suffered from LLM hallucination and have become increasingly aware of the reliability gap of LLMs in open and knowledge-intensive tasks. As a result, they have increasingly turned to search-augmented LLMs to mitigate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yu Yan , Sheng Sun , Mingfeng Li , Zheming Yang , Chiwei Zhu , Fei Ma , Benfeng Xu , Min Liu , Qi Li

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly prevalent in security research. Their unique characteristics, however, introduce challenges that undermine established paradigms of reproducibility, rigor, and evaluation. Prior work has…

With the rise of advanced reasoning capabilities, large language models (LLMs) are receiving increasing attention. However, although reasoning improves LLMs' performance on downstream tasks, it also introduces new security risks, as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Man Hu , Xinyi Wu , Zuofeng Suo , Jinbo Feng , Linghui Meng , Yanhao Jia , Anh Tuan Luu , Shuai Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized how we interact with machines. However, this technological advancement has been paralleled by the emergence of "Mallas," malicious services operating underground that exploit LLMs for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Garrett Crumrine , Izzat Alsmadi , Jesus Guerrero , Yuvaraj Munian

Alert fatigue is a common issue faced by software teams using the DevSecOps paradigm. The overwhelming number of warnings and alerts generated by security and code scanning tools, particularly in smaller teams where resources are limited,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Nikolaos Lykousas , Vasileios Argyropoulos , Fran Casino

In this paper, we evaluate the ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to assess the veracity of claims in ''news reports'' generated by themselves or other LLMs. Our goal is to determine whether LLMs can effectively fact-check their own…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Jiayi Yao , Haibo Sun , Nianwen Xue

Recent applications of LLMs in Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC) systems have shown impressive results, but the use of shortcuts, mechanisms triggered by features spuriously correlated to the true label, has emerged as a potential threat…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Mosh Levy , Shauli Ravfogel , Yoav Goldberg
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