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Federated Learning (FL) faces significant challenges in evolving environments, particularly regarding data heterogeneity and the rigidity of fixed network topologies. To address these issues, this paper proposes \textbf{SOFA-FL}…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Yi Ni , Xinkun Wang , Han Zhang

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a new paradigm for privacy-preserving computation in recent years. Unfortunately, FL faces two critical challenges that hinder its actual performance: data distribution heterogeneity and high resource…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Wang Lu , Xixu Hu , Jindong Wang , Xing Xie

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging machine learning paradigm designed to address the challenge of data silos, attracting considerable attention. However, FL encounters persistent issues related to fairness and data privacy. To tackle…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Xinpeng Ling , Jie Fu , Kuncan Wang , Huifa Li , Tong Cheng , Zhili Chen

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning approach to learn models on decentralized heterogeneous data, without the need for clients to share their data. Many existing FL approaches assume that all clients have equal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Aditya Narayan Ravi , Ilan Shomorony

Federated learning has attracted significant attention as a privacy-preserving framework for training personalised models on multi-source heterogeneous data. However, most existing approaches are unable to handle scenarios where subgroup…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-14 Changxin Yang , Zhongyi Zhu , Heng Lian

Federated Clustering (FC) is crucial to mining knowledge from unlabeled non-Independent Identically Distributed (non-IID) data provided by multiple clients while preserving their privacy. Most existing attempts learn cluster distributions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Yunfan Zhang , Yiqun Zhang , Yang Lu , Mengke Li , Xi Chen , Yiu-ming Cheung

Federated learning (FL) ameliorates privacy concerns in settings where a central server coordinates learning from data distributed across many clients. The clients train locally and communicate the models they learn to the server;…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Monica Ribero , Haris Vikalo

Federated Learning (FL) is a decentralized paradigm that enables a client-server architecture to collaboratively train a global Artificial Intelligence model without sharing raw data, thereby preserving privacy. A key challenge in FL is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Michael Ben Ali , Imen Megdiche , André Peninou , Olivier Teste

The holy grail of machine learning is to enable Continual Federated Learning (CFL) to enhance the efficiency, privacy, and scalability of AI systems while learning from streaming data. The primary challenge of a CFL system is to overcome…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Satish Kumar Keshri , Nazreen Shah , Ranjitha Prasad

A key feature of federated learning (FL) is to preserve the data privacy of end users. However, there still exist potential privacy leakage in exchanging gradients under FL. As a result, recent research often explores the differential…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Yuntao Wang , Zhou Su , Yanghe Pan , Tom H Luan , Ruidong Li , Shui Yu

Federated Learning(FL) is a privacy-preserving machine learning paradigm where a global model is trained in-situ across a large number of distributed edge devices. These systems are often comprised of millions of user devices and only a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Yuanli Wang , Lei Huang

Native AI support is a key objective in the evolution of 6G networks, with Federated Learning (FL) emerging as a promising paradigm. FL allows decentralized clients to collaboratively train an AI model without directly sharing their data,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Wenxuan Ye , Xueli An , Junfan Wang , Xueqiang Yan , Georg Carle

Federated learning is a decentralized collaborative training paradigm preserving stakeholders' data ownership while improving performance and generalization. However, statistical heterogeneity among client datasets degrades system…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Vasilis Siomos , Jonathan Passerat-Palmbach , Giacomo Tarroni

Federated learning (FL) algorithms usually sample a fraction of clients in each round (partial participation) when the number of participants is large and the server's communication bandwidth is limited. Recent works on the convergence…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Bing Luo , Wenli Xiao , Shiqiang Wang , Jianwei Huang , Leandros Tassiulas

Federated learning (FL) allows multiple clients cooperatively train models without disclosing local data. However, the existing works fail to address all these practical concerns in FL: limited communication resources, dynamic network…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Zhida Jiang , Yang Xu , Hongli Xu , Zhiyuan Wang , Chen Qian

Federated learning has allowed the training of statistical models over remote devices without the transfer of raw client data. In practice, training in heterogeneous and large networks introduce novel challenges in various aspects like…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Dipankar Sarkar , Sumit Rai , Ankur Narang

Model-heterogeneous personalized federated learning (MHPFL) enables FL clients to train structurally different personalized models on non-independent and identically distributed (non-IID) local data. Existing MHPFL methods focus on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Liping Yi , Han Yu , Chao Ren , Heng Zhang , Gang Wang , Xiaoguang Liu , Xiaoxiao Li

Federated Learning (FL) is a widespread and well adopted paradigm of decentralized learning that allows training one model from multiple sources without the need to directly transfer data between participating clients. Since its inception…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Maciej Krzysztof Zuziak , Roberto Pellungrini , Salvatore Rinzivillo

Although large-scale pre-trained models hold great potential for adapting to downstream tasks through fine-tuning, the performance of such fine-tuned models is often limited by the difficulty of collecting sufficient high-quality,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Siqi Ping , Yuzhu Mao , Yang Liu , Xiao-Ping Zhang , Wenbo Ding

Federated Learning(FL) is popular as a privacy-preserving machine learning paradigm for generating a single model on decentralized data. However, statistical heterogeneity poses a significant challenge for FL. As a subfield of FL,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Keting Yin , Jiayi Mao
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