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We propose Reinforcement Learning with Explicit Human Values (RLEV), a method that aligns Large Language Model (LLM) optimization directly with quantifiable human value signals. While Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Dian Yu , Yulai Zhao , Kishan Panaganti , Linfeng Song , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu

Reinforcement learning (RL) often struggles with reward misalignment, where agents optimize given rewards but fail to exhibit the desired behaviors. This arises when the reward function incentivizes proxy behaviors misaligned with the true…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Mohammad Saif Nazir , Chayan Banerjee

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has become a key paradigm to improve the reasoning capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs). However, prevalent group-based algorithms such as GRPO require multi-rollout…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Rui Liu , Dian Yu , Lei Ke , Haolin Liu , Yujun Zhou , Zhenwen Liang , Haitao Mi , Pratap Tokekar , Dong Yu

Reinforcement learning (RL) is an effective approach to motion planning in autonomous driving, where an optimal driving policy can be automatically learned using the interaction data with the environment. Nevertheless, the reward function…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Lin-Chi Wu , Zengjie Zhang , Sofie Haesaert , Zhiqiang Ma , Zhiyong Sun

Prompt ensembling of Large Language Model (LLM) generated category-specific prompts has emerged as an effective method to enhance zero-shot recognition ability of Vision-Language Models (VLMs). To obtain these category-specific prompts, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-08 M. Jehanzeb Mirza , Leonid Karlinsky , Wei Lin , Sivan Doveh , Jakub Micorek , Mateusz Kozinski , Hilde Kuehne , Horst Possegger

Model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) methods have shown strong sample efficiency and performance across a variety of tasks, including when faced with high-dimensional visual observations. These methods learn to predict the environment…

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate transformative potential, yet their reasoning remains inconsistent and unreliable. Reinforcement learning (RL)-based fine-tuning is a key mechanism for improvement, but its effectiveness is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Pei-Chi Pan , Yingbin Liang , Sen Lin

World models simulate dynamic environments, enabling agents to interact with diverse input modalities. Although recent advances have improved the visual quality and temporal consistency of video world models, their ability of accurately…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yang Ye , Tianyu He , Shuo Yang , Jiang Bian

While Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) is effective for deterministically checkable tasks, many vision-language tasks are partially verifiable, demanding multi-criteria supervision (e.g., perceptual details, reasoning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Ya-Qi Yu , Hao Wang , Fangyu Hong , Xiangyang Qu , Gaojie Wu , Qiaoyu Luo , Nuo Xu , Huixin Wang , Wuheng Xu , Yongxin Liao , Zihao Chen , Haonan Li , Ziming Li , Dezhi Peng , Minghui Liao , Jihao Wu , Haoyu Ren , Dandan Tu

This work explores enabling Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning to link visual cues across multiple images. A straightforward solution is to adapt rule-based reinforcement learning for Vision-Language Models (VLMs). However, such methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Xi Chen , Mingkang Zhu , Shaoteng Liu , Xiaoyang Wu , Xiaogang Xu , Yu Liu , Xiang Bai , Hengshuang Zhao

Recently, reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has been widely used for enhancing the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). A core challenge in RLVR involves managing the exchange between entropy and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Jia Deng , Jie Chen , Zhipeng Chen , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

Humans can quickly learn new behaviors by leveraging background world knowledge. In contrast, agents trained with reinforcement learning (RL) typically learn behaviors from scratch. We thus propose a novel approach that uses the vast…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 William Chen , Oier Mees , Aviral Kumar , Sergey Levine

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has demonstrated significant success in enhancing mathematical reasoning and coding performance of large language models (LLMs), especially when structured reference answers are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Yi Su , Dian Yu , Linfeng Song , Juntao Li , Haitao Mi , Zhaopeng Tu , Min Zhang , Dong Yu

Reward design remains a critical bottleneck in visual reinforcement learning (RL) for robotic manipulation. In simulated environments, rewards are conventionally designed based on the distance to a target position. However, such precise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Nan Tang , Jing-Cheng Pang , Guanlin Li , Chao Qian , Yang Yu

Recent work on reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has shown that large language models (LLMs) can be substantially improved using outcome-level verification signals, such as unit tests for code or exact-match checks for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Massimiliano Pronesti , Anya Belz , Yufang Hou

Recent works on large language models (LLMs) have successfully demonstrated the emergence of reasoning capabilities via reinforcement learning (RL). Although recent efforts leverage group relative policy optimization (GRPO) for MLLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Shilin Xu , Yanwei Li , Rui Yang , Tao Zhang , Yueyi Sun , Wei Chow , Linfeng Li , Hang Song , Qi Xu , Yunhai Tong , Xiangtai Li , Hao Fei

Reinforcement learning (RL) with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has demonstrated the great potential of enhancing the reasoning abilities in multimodal large language models (MLLMs). However, the reliance on language-centric priors and expensive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Jiahao Xie , Alessio Tonioni , Nathalie Rauschmayr , Federico Tombari , Bernt Schiele

Long-form video understanding remains challenging for Vision-Language Models (VLMs) due to the inherent tension between computational constraints and the need to capture information distributed across thousands of frames. Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Junbo Zou , Ziheng Huang , Shengjie Zhang , Liwen Zhang , Weining Shen

Efficient long-video understanding~(LVU) remains a challenging task in computer vision. Current long-context vision-language models~(LVLMs) suffer from information loss due to compression and brute-force downsampling. While…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Huaying Yuan , Zheng Liu , Minghao Qin , Hongjin Qian , Yan Shu , Zhicheng Dou , Ji-Rong Wen , Nicu Sebe

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) frequently hallucinate due to their reliance on fragile, linear reasoning and weak visual grounding. We propose Visual Attention Reasoning (VAR), a reinforcement learning framework that reformulates…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Wei Cai , Jian Zhao , Yuchen Yuan , Tianle Zhang , Ming Zhu , Haichuan Tang , Xuelong Li