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Robust verbal confidence generated by large language models (LLMs) is crucial for the deployment of LLMs to help ensure transparency, trust, and safety in many applications, including those involving human-AI interactions. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Stephen Obadinma , Xiaodan Zhu

Humanitarian organizations face a critical choice: invest in costly commercial APIs or rely on free open-weight models for multilingual human rights monitoring. While commercial systems offer reliability, open-weight alternatives lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Poli Nemkova , Amrit Adhikari , Matthew Pearson , Vamsi Krishna Sadu , Mark V. Albert

The emergence of instruction-tuned large language models (LLMs) has advanced the field of dialogue systems, enabling both realistic user simulations and robust multi-turn conversational agents. However, existing research often evaluates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Chalamalasetti Kranti , Sherzod Hakimov , David Schlangen

The ability to communicate uncertainty, risk, and limitation is crucial for the safety of large language models. However, current evaluations of these abilities rely on simple calibration, asking whether the language generated by the model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Kaitlyn Zhou , Jena D. Hwang , Xiang Ren , Nouha Dziri , Dan Jurafsky , Maarten Sap

Large language models (LLMs) have recently gained significant attention due to their unparalleled ability to perform various natural language processing tasks. These models, benefiting from their advanced natural language understanding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Jonas Wallat , Adam Jatowt , Avishek Anand

Turn-taking is a fundamental mechanism in human communication that ensures smooth and coherent verbal interactions. Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have motivated their use in improving the turn-taking capabilities of Spoken…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Muhammad Umair , Vasanth Sarathy , JP de Ruiter

Large language models (LLMs) have rapidly shifted from peripheral assistive tools to constant companions in everyday and even high stakes human decision making. Many users now consult these models about health, intimate relationships,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Abas Bertina , Sara Shakeri

Human feedback is crucial in the interactions between humans and Large Language Models (LLMs). However, existing research primarily focuses on benchmarking LLMs in single-turn dialogues. Even in benchmarks designed for multi-turn dialogues,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Youquan Li , Miao Zheng , Fan Yang , Guosheng Dong , Bin Cui , Weipeng Chen , Zenan Zhou , Wentao Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in agentic and multi-turn workflows where they are tasked to perform actions of significant consequence. In order to deploy them reliably and manage risky outcomes in these settings, it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Arka Pal , Teo Kitanovski , Arthur Liang , Akilesh Potti , Micah Goldblum

With the recent emergence of powerful instruction-tuned large language models (LLMs), various helpful conversational Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems have been deployed across many applications. When prompted by users, these AI systems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Akash Gupta , Ivaxi Sheth , Vyas Raina , Mark Gales , Mario Fritz

The development of large language models (LLMs) capable of following instructions and engaging in conversational interactions sparked increased interest in their utilization across various support tools. We investigate the utility of modern…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Tuhin Chakrabarty , Vishakh Padmakumar , Faeze Brahman , Smaranda Muresan

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) for question answering (QA) over lengthy contexts is a significant challenge. In industrial settings, this process is often hindered by high computational costs and latency, especially when multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Xiliang Zhu , Shi Zong , David Rossouw

Concerns with the safety and reliability of applying large-language models (LLMs) in unpredictable real-world applications motivate this study, which examines how task phrasing can lead to presumptions in LLMs, making it difficult for them…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Kenneth J. K. Ong

Large language models (LLMs) have recently been applied to forecasting tasks, with some works claiming these systems match or exceed human performance. In this paper, we argue that, as a community, we should be careful about such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Daniel Paleka , Shashwat Goel , Jonas Geiping , Florian Tramèr

Large Language Models (LLMs) can be deployed in situations where they process positive/negative interactions with other agents. We study how this is done under the sociological framework of social balance, which explains the emergence of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Pedro Cisneros-Velarde

With the advent of large language models (LLMs), there is a growing interest in applying LLMs to scientific tasks. In this work, we conduct an experimental study to explore applicability of LLMs for configuring, annotating, translating,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Orcun Yildiz , Tom Peterka

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved significant success in interacting with human. However, recent studies have revealed that these models often suffer from hallucinations, leading to overly confident but incorrect judgments. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Yusheng Liao , Yutong Meng , Hongcheng Liu , Yanfeng Wang , Yu Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied in high-stakes domains such as finance, healthcare, and education, where reliable multi-turn interactions with users are essential. However, existing work on confidence estimation and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Zhaohan Zhang , Chengzhengxu Li , Xiaoming Liu , Chao Shen , Ziquan Liu , Ioannis Patras

As Large Language Models (LLMs) evolve from static dialogue interfaces to autonomous general agents, effective memory is paramount to ensuring long-term consistency. However, existing benchmarks primarily focus on casual conversation or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Haonan Bian , Zhiyuan Yao , Sen Hu , Zishan Xu , Shaolei Zhang , Yifu Guo , Ziliang Yang , Xueran Han , Huacan Wang , Ronghao Chen

Providing students with flexible and timely academic support is a challenge at most colleges and universities, leaving many students without help outside scheduled hours. Large language models (LLMs) are promising for bridging this gap, but…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Chang Liu , Loc Hoang , Andrew Stolman , Rene F. Kizilcec , Bo Wu