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Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown significant potential in scientific discovery but struggle to bridge the gap between theoretical reasoning and verifiable physical simulation. Existing solutions operate in a passive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Bo Zhang , Jinfeng Zhou , Yuxuan Chen , Jianing Yin , Minlie Huang , Hongning Wang

The aligned Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful language understanding and decision-making tools that are created through extensive alignment with human feedback. However, these large models remain susceptible to jailbreak attacks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Xiaogeng Liu , Nan Xu , Muhao Chen , Chaowei Xiao

Jailbreaking in Large Language Models (LLMs) is a major security concern as it can deceive LLMs to generate harmful text. Yet, there is still insufficient understanding of how jailbreaking works, which makes it hard to develop effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Lang Gao , Jiahui Geng , Xiangliang Zhang , Preslav Nakov , Xiuying Chen

The adoption of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) in embodied AI agents, while being effective, brings safety concerns such as jailbreaking. Prior work have explored the possibility of directly jailbreaking the embodied agents through…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Chunyang Li , Zifeng Kang , Junwei Zhang , Zhuo Ma , Anda Cheng , Xinghua Li , Jianfeng Ma

Recent advancements in AI safety have led to increased efforts in training and red-teaming large language models (LLMs) to mitigate unsafe content generation. However, these safety mechanisms may not be comprehensive, leaving potential…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Emet Bethany , Mazal Bethany , Juan Arturo Nolazco Flores , Sumit Kumar Jha , Peyman Najafirad

Large Language Models face security threats from jailbreak attacks. Existing research has predominantly focused on prompt-level attacks while largely ignoring the underexplored attack surface of user-controlled response prefilling. This…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Yakai Li , Jiekang Hu , Weiduan Sang , Luping Ma , Dongsheng Nie , Weijuan Zhang , Aimin Yu , Yi Su , Qingjia Huang , Qihang Zhou

Recent advances in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) facilitate a new class of embodied AI systems, where these models are integrated into physical platforms, e.g. robots and autonomous vehicles, to interpret visual scenes and execute natural…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Doguhuan Yeke , Yanming Zhou , Leo Y. Lin , Hongyu Cai , Antonio Bianchi , Z. Berkay Celik

Large Language Models (LLMs) have performed exceptionally in various text-generative tasks, including question answering, translation, code completion, etc. However, the over-assistance of LLMs has raised the challenge of "jailbreaking",…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Sibo Yi , Yule Liu , Zhen Sun , Tianshuo Cong , Xinlei He , Jiaxing Song , Ke Xu , Qi Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various domains. However, their potential to generate harmful responses has raised significant societal and regulatory concerns, especially when manipulated by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Advait Yadav , Haibo Jin , Man Luo , Jun Zhuang , Haohan Wang

While large language models (LLMs) excel in a simulated world of texts, they struggle to interact with the more realistic world without perceptions of other modalities such as visual or audio signals. Although vision-language models (VLMs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Yijun Yang , Tianyi Zhou , Kanxue Li , Dapeng Tao , Lusong Li , Li Shen , Xiaodong He , Jing Jiang , Yuhui Shi

The rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has brought impressive advancements across various tasks. However, despite these achievements, LLMs still pose inherent safety risks, especially in the context of jailbreak attacks. Most…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Shi Lin , Hongming Yang , Rongchang Li , Xun Wang , Changting Lin , Wenpeng Xing , Meng Han

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities across various natural language processing tasks. Due to their training on internet-sourced datasets, LLMs can sometimes generate objectionable content, necessitating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Leyang Hu , Boran Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been equipped with safety mechanisms to prevent harmful outputs, but these guardrails can often be bypassed through "jailbreak" prompts. This paper introduces a novel graph-based approach to systematically…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Sinan He , An Wang

Extensive work has been devoted to improving the safety mechanism of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, LLMs still tend to generate harmful responses when faced with malicious instructions, a phenomenon referred to as "Jailbreak…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Yanrui Du , Sendong Zhao , Ming Ma , Yuhan Chen , Bing Qin

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have recently gained attention for their generalization and reasoning capabilities in Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) tasks, leading to the rise of MLLM-driven navigators. However, MLLMs are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Wenqi Lyu , Zerui Li , Yanyuan Qiao , Qi Wu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse applications, however, they remain critically vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that elicit harmful responses violating human values and safety guidelines.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Zhaoqi Wang , Zijian Zhang , Daqing He , Pengtao Kou , Xin Li , Jiamou Liu , Jincheng An , Yong Liu

Integrated Speech and Large Language Models (SLMs) that can follow speech instructions and generate relevant text responses have gained popularity lately. However, the safety and robustness of these models remains largely unclear. In this…

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being deployed in safety-critical applications, their vulnerability to potential jailbreaks -- malicious prompts that can disable the safety mechanism of LLMs -- has attracted growing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Jiahao Zhang , Zilong Wang , Ruofan Wang , Xingjun Ma , Yu-Gang Jiang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have advanced vision-language reasoning and are increasingly deployed in embodied agents. However, significant limitations remain: MLLMs generalize poorly across digital-physical spaces and…

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate outstanding performance in their reservoir of knowledge and understanding capabilities, but they have also been shown to be prone to illegal or unethical reactions when subjected to jailbreak…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Fengxiang Wang , Ranjie Duan , Peng Xiao , Xiaojun Jia , Shiji Zhao , Cheng Wei , YueFeng Chen , Chongwen Wang , Jialing Tao , Hang Su , Jun Zhu , Hui Xue