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A novel design procedure for practical hierarchical distribution matchers (HiDMs) in probabilistically shaped constellation systems is presented. The proposed approach enables the determination of optimal parameters for any target…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-26 Pantea Nadimi Goki , Luca Potì

In recent years, reinforcement learning has achieved many remarkable successes due to the growing adoption of deep learning techniques and the rapid growth in computing power. Nevertheless, it is well-known that flat reinforcement learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Le Pham Tuyen , Ngo Anh Vien , Abu Layek , TaeChoong Chung

This paper studies maintenance optimization for a two-component system under mixed observability. Component~$U_1$ is fully monitored, whereas component~$U_2$ is only partially observable due to sensing limitations. The system exhibits…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-05 Nan Zhang , Inmaculada T. Castro , M. L. Gamiz

Autonomous agents operating in adversarial scenarios face a fundamental challenge: while they may know their adversaries' high-level objectives, such as reaching specific destinations within time constraints, the exact policies these…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Gokul Puthumanaillam , Jae Hyuk Song , Nurzhan Yesmagambet , Shinkyu Park , Melkior Ornik

Anticipating defensive coverage schemes is a crucial yet challenging task for offenses in American football. Because defenders' assignments are intentionally disguised before the snap, they remain difficult to recognize in real time. To…

Applications · Statistics 2026-02-12 Rouven Michels , Robert Bajons , Jan-Ole Fischer

In real-world reinforcement learning (RL) scenarios, agents often encounter partial observability, where incomplete or noisy information obscures the true state of the environment. Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Ashok Arora , Neetesh Kumar

We address the multiple testing problem under the assumption that the true/false hypotheses are driven by a Hidden Markov Model (HMM), which is recognized as a fundamental setting to model multiple testing under dependence since the seminal…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-04 Marie Perrot-Dockès , Gilles Blanchard , Pierre Neuvial , Etienne Roquain

Real-world decision-making problems are often partially observable, and many can be formulated as a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP). When we apply reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms to the POMDP, reasonable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Soichiro Nishimori , Sotetsu Koyamada , Shin Ishii

Robust header compression (ROHC), critically positioned between the network and the MAC layers, plays an important role in modern wireless communication systems for improving data efficiency. This work investigates bi-directional ROHC…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-26 Shusen Jing , Songyang Zhang , Zhi Ding

We introduce a Transformer-based Reinforcement Learning framework for autonomous orbital collision avoidance that explicitly models the effects of partial observability and imperfect monitoring in space operations. The framework combines a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Thomas Georges , Adam Abdin

We consider the problem of estimating the number of hidden states (the order) of a nonparametric hidden Markov model (HMM). We propose two different methods and prove their almost sure consistency without any prior assumption, be it on the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-05-19 Luc Lehéricy

Hidden Markov models (HMMs) offer a robust and efficient framework for analyzing time series data, modelling both the underlying latent state progression over time and the observation process, conditional on the latent state. However, a…

Applications · Statistics 2024-07-19 Ioannis Rotous , Alex Diana , Alessio Farcomeni , Eleni Matechou , Andréa Thiebault

Time series subject to change in regime have attracted much interest in domains such as econometry, finance or meteorology. For discrete-valued regimes, some models such as the popular Hidden Markov Chain (HMC) describe time series whose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Fatoumata Dama , Christine Sinoquet

We study Reinforcement Learning for partially observable dynamical systems using function approximation. We propose a new \textit{Partially Observable Bilinear Actor-Critic framework}, that is general enough to include models such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-27 Masatoshi Uehara , Ayush Sekhari , Jason D. Lee , Nathan Kallus , Wen Sun

In many engineering systems, proper predictive maintenance and operational control are essential to increase efficiency and reliability while reducing maintenance costs. However, one of the major challenges is that many sensors are used for…

Applications · Statistics 2025-12-09 Boyang Xu , Yunyi Kang , Xinyu Zhao , Hao Yan , Feng Ju

Recent works have studied *state entropy maximization* in reinforcement learning, in which the agent's objective is to learn a policy inducing high entropy over states visitation (Hazan et al., 2019). They typically assume full…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Riccardo Zamboni , Duilio Cirino , Marcello Restelli , Mirco Mutti

Robustness under latent distribution shift remains challenging in partially observable reinforcement learning. We formalize a focused setting where an adversary selects a hidden initial latent distribution before the episode, termed an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Angad Singh Ahuja

We study the problem of inverse reinforcement learning (IRL), where the learning agent recovers a reward function using expert demonstrations. Most of the existing IRL techniques make the often unrealistic assumption that the agent has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Franck Djeumou , Murat Cubuktepe , Craig Lennon , Ufuk Topcu

Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) are used to model environments where the full state cannot be perceived by an agent. As such the agent needs to reason taking into account the past observations and actions. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Raphael Avalos , Florent Delgrange , Ann Nowé , Guillermo A. Pérez , Diederik M. Roijers

Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) are fundamental to many real-world applications. Although reinforcement learning (RL) has shown success in fully observable domains, learning policies from traces in partially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Yuly Wu , Jiamou Liu , Libo Zhang