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In recent years, the black-box nature of deep learning models has limited their application in high-stakes domains such as medical diagnosis and finance, where interpretability is essential. To address this, we propose a novel approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yike Sun , Mingkun Xu , Mu You , Zhongzhi He , Henghua Shen , Zehan Tan , Derek F. Wong , Tao Fang

With growing demand for interpretability in deep learning, especially in high stakes domains, Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) address this by inserting human understandable concepts into the prediction pipeline, but they are generally…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Jiakai Lin , Jinchang Zhang , Guoyu Lu

Providing explainable molecular property predictions is critical for many scientific domains, such as drug discovery and material science. Though transformer-based language models have shown great potential in accurate molecular property…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Zhenzhong Wang , Zehui Lin , Wanyu Lin , Ming Yang , Minggang Zeng , Kay Chen Tan

Language Bottleneck Models (LBMs) are proposed to achieve interpretable image recognition by classifying images based on textual concept bottlenecks. However, current LBMs simply list all concepts together as the bottleneck layer, leading…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Jianyang Zhang , Qianli Luo , Guowu Yang , Wenjing Yang , Weide Liu , Guosheng Lin , Fengmao Lv

Concept bottleneck model (CBM) is a ubiquitous method that can interpret neural networks using concepts. In CBM, concepts are inserted between the output layer and the last intermediate layer as observable values. This helps in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-17 Naoki Hayashi , Yoshihide Sawada

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) ground image classification on human-understandable concepts to allow for interpretable model decisions. Crucially, the CBM design inherently allows for human interventions, in which expert users are given…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Nishad Singhi , Jae Myung Kim , Karsten Roth , Zeynep Akata

While RFML is expected to be a key enabler of future wireless standards, a significant challenge to the widespread adoption of RFML techniques is the lack of explainability in deep learning models. This work investigates the use of CB…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-06 Lauren J. Wong , Sean McPherson

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) aim to deliver interpretable and interventionable predictions by bridging features and labels with human-understandable concepts. While recent CBMs show promising potential, they suffer from information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Ao Sun , Yuanyuan Yuan , Pingchuan Ma , Shuai Wang

InterpretML is an open-source Python package which exposes machine learning interpretability algorithms to practitioners and researchers. InterpretML exposes two types of interpretability - glassbox models, which are machine learning models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-23 Harsha Nori , Samuel Jenkins , Paul Koch , Rich Caruana

Recently impressive performance has been achieved in Concept Bottleneck Models (CBM) by utilizing the image-text alignment learned by a large pre-trained vision-language model (i.e. CLIP). However, there exist two key limitations in concept…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Minghong Zhong , Guoshuai Zou , Kanghao Chen , Dexia Chen , Ruixuan Wang

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) try to make the decision-making process transparent by exploring an intermediate concept space between the input image and the output prediction. Existing CBMs just learn coarse-grained relations between the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Yan Xie , Zequn Zeng , Hao Zhang , Yucheng Ding , Yi Wang , Zhengjue Wang , Bo Chen , Hongwei Liu

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) tackle the opacity of neural architectures by constructing and explaining their predictions using a set of high-level concepts. A special property of these models is that they permit concept interventions,…

Models based on human-understandable concepts have received extensive attention to improve model interpretability for trustworthy artificial intelligence in the field of medical image analysis. These methods can provide convincing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Hongmei Wang , Junlin Hou , Hao Chen

Pretrained language models (PLMs) have made significant strides in various natural language processing tasks. However, the lack of interpretability due to their ``black-box'' nature poses challenges for responsible implementation. Although…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Zhen Tan , Lu Cheng , Song Wang , Yuan Bo , Jundong Li , Huan Liu

The increasing complexity of AI models, especially in deep learning, has raised concerns about transparency and accountability, particularly in high-stakes applications like medical diagnostics, where opaque models can undermine trust.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Songning Lai , Yu Huang , Jiayu Yang , Gaoxiang Huang , Wenshuo Chen , Yutao Yue

Deep learning-based medical image classification techniques are rapidly advancing in medical image analysis, making it crucial to develop accurate and trustworthy models that can be efficiently deployed across diverse clinical scenarios.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Hangzhou He , Jiachen Tang , Lei Zhu , Kaiwen Li , Yanye Lu

Understanding and designing biomolecules, such as proteins and small molecules, is central to advancing drug discovery, synthetic biology and enzyme engineering. Recent breakthroughs in artificial intelligence have revolutionized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Xiang Zhuang , Keyan Ding , Tianwen Lyu , Yinuo Jiang , Xiaotong Li , Zhuoyi Xiang , Zeyuan Wang , Ming Qin , Kehua Feng , Jike Wang , Qiang Zhang , Huajun Chen

We are concerned with the challenge of reliably classifying and assessing intracranial aneurysms using deep learning without compromising clinical transparency. While traditional black-box models achieve high predictive accuracy, their lack…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Toqa Khaled , Ahmad Al-Kabbany

The recent mass adoption of DNNs, even in safety-critical scenarios, has shifted the focus of the research community towards the creation of inherently intrepretable models. Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) constitute a popular approach…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Konstantinos P. Panousis , Dino Ienco , Diego Marcos

Molecule representation learning is crucial for understanding and predicting molecular properties. However, conventional atom-centric models, which treat chemical bonds merely as pairwise interactions, often overlook complex bond-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yunqing Liu , Yi Zhou , Wenqi Fan