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Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) are neural networks designed to conjoin high performance with ante-hoc interpretability. CBMs work by first mapping inputs (e.g., images) to high-level concepts (e.g., visible objects and their properties)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Nicola Debole , Pietro Barbiero , Francesco Giannini , Andrea Passerini , Stefano Teso , Emanuele Marconato

We introduce Concept Bottleneck Protein Language Models (CB-pLM), a generative masked language model with a layer where each neuron corresponds to an interpretable concept. Our architecture offers three key benefits: i) Control: We can…

Recent advances in deep learning have led to increasingly complex models with deeper layers and more parameters, reducing interpretability and making their decisions harder to understand. While many methods explain black-box reasoning, most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Nuoye Xiong , Anqi Dong , Ning Wang , Cong Hua , Guangming Zhu , Lin Mei , Peiyi Shen , Liang Zhang

We propose a novel, flexible, and efficient framework for designing Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) that enables practitioners to explicitly encode and extend their prior knowledge and beliefs about the concept-concept ($C-C$) and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Nektarios Kalampalikis , Kavya Gupta , Georgi Vitanov , Isabel Valera

The Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) of Koh et al. [2020] provide a means to ensure that a neural network based classifier bases its predictions solely on human understandable concepts. The concept labels, or rationales as we refer to them,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Joshua Lockhart , Daniele Magazzeni , Manuela Veloso

Deep neural networks have achieved remarkable success in computer vision; however, their black-box nature in decision-making limits interpretability and trust, particularly in safety-critical applications. Interpretability is crucial in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Ran Eisenberg , Amit Rozner , Ethan Fetaya , Ofir Lindenbaum

Machine learning is a vital part of many real-world systems, but several concerns remain about the lack of interpretability, explainability and robustness of black-box AI systems. Concept Bottleneck Models (CBM) address some of these…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-24 Hidde Fokkema , Tim van Erven , Sara Magliacane

Concept bottleneck models (CBMs) have emerged as critical tools in domains where interpretability is paramount. These models rely on predefined textual descriptions, referred to as concepts, to inform their decision-making process and offer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Maor Dikter , Tsachi Blau , Chaim Baskin

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) offer inherent interpretability by initially translating images into human-comprehensible concepts, followed by a linear combination of these concepts for classification. However, the annotation of concepts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Hangzhou He , Lei Zhu , Xinliang Zhang , Shuang Zeng , Qian Chen , Yanye Lu

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) enhance the interpretability of neural networks by basing predictions on human-understandable concepts. However, current CBMs typically rely on concept sets extracted from large language models or extensive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Katharina Prasse , Patrick Knab , Sascha Marton , Christian Bartelt , Margret Keuper

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) have garnered much attention for their ability to elucidate the prediction process through a human-understandable concept layer. However, most previous studies focused on static scenarios where the data and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Hongbin Lin , Chenyang Ren , Juangui Xu , Zhengyu Hu , Cheng-Long Wang , Yao Shu , Hui Xiong , Jingfeng Zhang , Di Wang , Lijie Hu

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) improve the explainability of black-box Deep Learning (DL) by introducing intermediate semantic concepts. However, standard CBMs often overlook domain-specific relationships and causal mechanisms, and their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Reza M. Asiyabi , SEOSAW Partnership , Steven Hancock , Casey Ryan

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) assume that training examples (e.g., x-ray images) are annotated with high-level concepts (e.g., types of abnormalities), and perform classification by first predicting the concepts, followed by predicting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Danis Alukaev , Semen Kiselev , Ilya Pershin , Bulat Ibragimov , Vladimir Ivanov , Alexey Kornaev , Ivan Titov

With the increasing demands for accountability, interpretability is becoming an essential capability for real-world AI applications. However, most methods utilize post-hoc approaches rather than training the interpretable model. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-04 Yoshihide Sawada , Keigo Nakamura

We propose an automated genomic interpretation module that transforms raw DNA sequences into actionable, interpretable decisions suitable for integration into medical automation and robotic systems. Our framework combines Chaos Game…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Zijun Li , Jinchang Zhang , Ming Zhang , Guoyu Lu

Catastrophic forgetting remains a fundamental challenge in continual learning, in which models often forget previous knowledge when fine-tuned on a new task. This issue is especially pronounced in class incremental learning (CIL), which is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Amirhosein Javadi , Tuomas Oikarinen , Tara Javidi , Tsui-Wei Weng

Concept bottleneck models (CBMs) are a class of interpretable neural network models that predict the target response of a given input based on its high-level concepts. Unlike the standard end-to-end models, CBMs enable domain experts to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Sungbin Shin , Yohan Jo , Sungsoo Ahn , Namhoon Lee

The widespread adoption of deep learning models in computer vision has intensified concerns about interpretability. Despite strong performance, these models are often treated as black boxes, with limited systematic investigation of their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Konstantinos P. Panousis , Diego Marcos

Concept bottleneck models (CBMs) are inherently interpretable models that make predictions based on human-understandable visual cues, referred to as concepts. As obtaining dense concept annotations with human labeling is demanding and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Sujin Jeon , Hyundo Lee , Eungseo Kim , Sanghack Lee , Byoung-Tak Zhang , Inwoo Hwang

Concept-bottleneck models (CBMs) are neural classifiers that compute predictions from high-level concepts extracted from the input. CBMs ensure stakeholders can understand the concepts -- and the predictions they entail -- by learning these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Nicola Debole , Andrea Passerini , Stefano Teso , Andrea Pugnana , Emanuele Marconato