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Do we still need to represent objects explicitly in multimodal large language models (MLLMs)? To one extreme, pre-trained encoders convert images into visual tokens, with which objects and spatiotemporal relationships may be implicitly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Zitian Tang , Shijie Wang , Junho Cho , Jaewook Yoo , Chen Sun

Vision-language models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable success in scene understanding and perception tasks, enabling robots to plan and execute actions adaptively in dynamic environments. However, most multimodal large language models lack…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Guoqin Tang , Qingxuan Jia , Zeyuan Huang , Gang Chen , Ning Ji , Zhipeng Yao

Recent advancements in Vision-Language (VL) research have sparked new benchmarks for complex visual reasoning, challenging models' advanced reasoning ability. Traditional Vision-Language Models (VLMs) perform well in visual perception tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Zhiyuan Li , Dongnan Liu , Chaoyi Zhang , Heng Wang , Tengfei Xue , Weidong Cai

Object manipulation is a critical skill required for Embodied AI agents interacting with the world around them. Training agents to manipulate objects, poses many challenges. These include occlusion of the target object by the agent's arm,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Kiana Ehsani , Ali Farhadi , Aniruddha Kembhavi , Roozbeh Mottaghi

Recent Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have made impressive progress toward general-purpose robotic manipulation by post-training large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) for action prediction. Yet most VLAs entangle perception and control…

3D localization in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), including 3D object detection and 3D visual grounding, is fundamentally limited by camera intrinsic ambiguity: the same image admits different 3D scenes under different cameras.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Xueying Jiang , Wenhao Li , Quanhao Qian , Deli Zhao , Shijian Lu , Gongjie Zhang , Ran Xu

The advent of large vision-language models (LVLMs) represents a remarkable advance in the quest for artificial general intelligence. However, the model's effectiveness in both specialized and general tasks warrants further investigation.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Yao Jiang , Xinyu Yan , Ge-Peng Ji , Keren Fu , Meijun Sun , Huan Xiong , Deng-Ping Fan , Fahad Shahbaz Khan

The applications of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) in the field of Autonomous Driving (AD) have attracted widespread attention due to their outstanding performance and the ability to leverage Large Language Models (LLMs). By incorporating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Xingcheng Zhou , Mingyu Liu , Ekim Yurtsever , Bare Luka Zagar , Walter Zimmer , Hu Cao , Alois C. Knoll

Recent advancements in autonomous driving, augmented reality, robotics, and embodied intelligence have necessitated 3D perception algorithms. However, current 3D perception methods, especially specialized small models, exhibit poor…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Fan Yang , Sicheng Zhao , Yanhao Zhang , Hui Chen , Haonan Lu , Jungong Han , Guiguang Ding

Robots and other smart devices need efficient object-based scene representations from their on-board vision systems to reason about contact, physics and occlusion. Recognized precise object models will play an important role alongside…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-10 Kentaro Wada , Edgar Sucar , Stephen James , Daniel Lenton , Andrew J. Davison

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) trained on web-scale corpora excel at natural image tasks and are increasingly repurposed for healthcare; however, their competence in medical tasks remains underexplored. We present a comprehensive evaluation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Che Liu , Jiazhen Pan , Weixiang Shen , Wenjia Bai , Daniel Rueckert , Rossella Arcucci

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have recently gained attention due to their competitive performance on multiple downstream tasks, achieved by following user-input instructions. However, VLMs still exhibit several limitations in visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Simone Alghisi , Gabriel Roccabruna , Massimo Rizzoli , Seyed Mahed Mousavi , Giuseppe Riccardi

Learning 3D human motion from 2D inputs is a fundamental task in the realms of computer vision and computer graphics. Many previous methods grapple with this inherently ambiguous task by introducing motion priors into the learning process.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Shuaiying Hou , Hongyu Tao , Junheng Fang , Changqing Zou , Hujun Bao , Weiwei Xu

3D object detection and dense depth estimation are one of the most vital tasks in autonomous driving. Multiple sensor modalities can jointly attribute towards better robot perception, and to that end, we introduce a method for jointly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Shubham Shrivastava

Advances in vision language models (VLMs) have enabled the simulation of general human behavior through their reasoning and problem solving capabilities. However, prior research has not investigated such simulation capabilities in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Rosiana Natalie , Wenqian Xu , Ruei-Che Chang , Rada Mihalcea , Anhong Guo

A monocular 3D object tracking system generally has only up-to-scale pose estimation results without any prior knowledge of the tracked object. In this paper, we propose a novel idea to recover the metric scale of an arbitrary dynamic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-08-22 Kejie Qiu , Tong Qin , Hongwen Xie , Shaojie Shen

For a vision-language model (VLM) to understand the physical world, such as cause and effect, a first step is to capture the temporal dynamics of the visual world, for example how the physical states of objects evolve over time (e.g. a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Kaleb Newman , Shijie Wang , Yuan Zang , David Heffren , Chen Sun

Current robot autonomy struggles to operate beyond the assumed Operational Design Domain (ODD), the specific set of conditions and environments in which the system is designed to function, while the real-world is rife with uncertainties…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Hongyi Chen , Yunchao Yao , Ruixuan Liu , Changliu Liu , Jeffrey Ichnowski

Vision-and-language navigation (VLN) is a challenging task that requires an agent to navigate in real-world environments by understanding natural language instructions and visual information received in real-time. Prior works have…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-01-20 Ting Wang , Zongkai Wu , Donglin Wang

The bundle of geometry and appearance in computer vision has proven to be a promising solution for robots across a wide variety of applications. Stereo cameras and RGB-D sensors are widely used to realise fast 3D reconstruction and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Xuanpeng Li , Rachid Belaroussi