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This article develops the concept of the agentic economy and diagnoses its measurable preconditions: a transition in which economic action is increasingly distributed among humans, AI agents, industrial robots, executable protocols, compute…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-05-20 Davit Gondauri , Mikheil Batiashvili

Existing AI benchmarks for software automation rarely combine cross-application coordination, autonomous API discovery, and policy adherence. Real business workflows demand all three: a single task may span a CRM, inbox, calendar, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Daniel Shepard , Robin Salimans

Advancements in AI have led to agents in networked environments increasingly mirroring human behavior, thereby blurring the boundary between artificial and human actors in specific contexts. This shift brings about significant challenges in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Qiang Zhang , Pei Yan , Yijia Xu , Chuanpo Fu , Yong Fang , Yang Liu

Computer-Using Agents (CUAs) are rapidly extending large language models (LLMs) beyond text-based reasoning toward action execution in more complex environments, such as web browsers and graphical user interfaces (GUIs). However, existing…

As the focus in LLM-based coding shifts from static single-step code generation to multi-step agentic interaction with tools and environments, understanding which tasks will challenge agents and why becomes increasingly difficult. This is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Chris Ge , Daria Kryvosheieva , Daniel Fried , Uzay Girit , Kaivalya Hariharan

Increased delegation of commercial, scientific, governmental, and personal activities to AI agents -- systems capable of pursuing complex goals with limited supervision -- may exacerbate existing societal risks and introduce new risks.…

As AI agents integrate into enterprise applications, their evaluation demands benchmarks that reflect the complexity of real-world operations. Instead, existing benchmarks overemphasize open-domains such as code, use narrow accuracy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Amanda Dsouza , Ramya Ramakrishnan , Charles Dickens , Bhavishya Pohani , Christopher M Glaze

Recent advances in AI applications have raised growing concerns about the need for ethical guidelines and regulations to mitigate the risks posed by these technologies. In this paper, we present a mixed-methods survey study - combining…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Wilder Baldwin , Sepideh Ghanavati , Manuel Woersdoerfer

Robots excel in performing repetitive and precision-sensitive tasks in controlled environments such as warehouses and factories, but have not been yet extended to embodied AI agents providing assistance in household tasks. Inspired by the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Ziang Liu , Roberto Martín-Martín , Fei Xia , Jiajun Wu , Li Fei-Fei

The advancement of large language model (LLM) based agents has shifted AI evaluation from single-turn response assessment to multi-step task completion in interactive environments. We present an empirical study evaluating frontier AI models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Logan Ritchie , Sushant Mehta , Nick Heiner , Mason Yu , Edwin Chen

Large language models are increasingly expected to serve as general-purpose agents that interact with external, stateful tool environments. The Model Context Protocol (MCP) and broader agent skills offer a unified interface for connecting…

Large language models and autonomous AI agents have evolved rapidly, resulting in a diverse array of evaluation benchmarks, frameworks, and collaboration protocols. Driven by the growing need for standardized evaluation and integration, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Mohamed Amine Ferrag , Norbert Tihanyi , Merouane Debbah

General-purpose agents perform tasks in unfamiliar environments without domain-specific manual customization. Yet no study has systematically measured how agent architecture shapes performance across heterogeneous protocols and diverse…

Today's AI agents are built on large language models (LLMs) equipped with tools to access and modify external environments, such as corporate file systems, API-accessible platforms and websites. AI agents offer the promise of automating…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Merlin Stein

Deploying Large Language Model-based agents (LLM agents) in the public sector requires assuring that they meet the stringent legal, procedural, and structural requirements of public-sector institutions. Practitioners and researchers often…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Jonathan Rystrøm , Chris Schmitz , Karolina Korgul , Jan Batzner , Chris Russell

Proactive agents that anticipate user needs and autonomously execute tasks hold great promise as digital assistants, yet the lack of realistic user simulation frameworks hinders their development. Existing approaches model apps as flat…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Deepak Nathani , Cheng Zhang , Chang Huan , Jiaming Shan , Yinfei Yang , Alkesh Patel , Zhe Gan , William Yang Wang , Michael Saxon , Xin Eric Wang

Recent advances have enabled LLM-powered AI agents to autonomously execute complex tasks by combining language model reasoning with tools, memory, and web access. But can these systems be trusted to follow deployment policies in realistic…

To understand and predict the societal impacts of highly autonomous AI systems, we need benchmarks with grounding, i.e., metrics that directly connect AI performance to real-world effects we care about. We present HCAST (Human-Calibrated…

With advances in generative AI, there is now potential for autonomous agents to manage daily tasks via natural language commands. However, current agents are primarily created and tested in simplified synthetic environments, leading to a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Shuyan Zhou , Frank F. Xu , Hao Zhu , Xuhui Zhou , Robert Lo , Abishek Sridhar , Xianyi Cheng , Tianyue Ou , Yonatan Bisk , Daniel Fried , Uri Alon , Graham Neubig

Testing conversational AI systems at scale across diverse domains necessitates realistic and diverse user interactions capturing a wide array of behavioral patterns. We present a novel multi-agent framework for realistic, explainable human…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Hareeshwar Karthikeyan
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