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Data centers play an increasingly critical role in societal digitalization, yet their rapidly growing energy demand poses significant challenges for sustainable operation. To enhance the energy efficiency of geographically distributed data…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-16 Junhong Liu , Lanxin Du , Yujia Li , Rong-Peng Liu , Yunfeng Li , Fei Teng , Francis Yunhe Hou

Digital twin (DT) offers significant opportunities for enhancing facility management (FM) in campus environments. However, existing research often focuses narrowly on isolated domains, such as point-cloud geometry or energy analytics,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-16 Thyda Siv

We propose an optimal operation control strategy for an electro-thermal microgrid. Compared to existing work, our approach increases flexibility by operating the thermal network with variable flow temperatures and in that way explicitly…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-03 Max Rose , Christian A. Hans , Johannes Schiffer

Digital twins, integral to cloud platforms, bridge physical and virtual worlds, fostering collaboration among stakeholders in manufacturing and processing. However, the cloud platforms face challenges like service outages, vulnerabilities,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Deepika Saxena , Ashutosh Kumar Singh

Industrial thermal power systems have coupled performance variables with hierarchical order of importance, making their simultaneous optimization computationally challenging or infeasible. This barrier limits the integrated and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Talha Ansar , Muhammad Mujtaba Abbas , Ramit Debnath , Vivek Dua , Waqar Muhammad Ashraf

The cooling system is a key factor in power transformer designs. The frequent need for optimized projects further increases the importance of development through of increasingly developed tools. This work aims to evaluate a transformer…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-02-25 Anderson Santos Nunes , Allan Schwanz , Eduardo Postali , Marcelo Kruger

Surrogate modeling has brought about a revolution in computation in the branches of science and engineering. Backed by Artificial Intelligence, a surrogate model can present highly accurate results with a significant reduction in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Abid Hossain Khan , Salauddin Omar , Nadia Mushtary , Richa Verma , Dinesh Kumar , Syed Alam

High-fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is widely used for thermal-fluid design, but repeated CFD solves remain expensive for design optimization, uncertainty analysis, and digital-twin workflows. Recently, our team has…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-05-28 Daniel Curl , Han Hu

We develop a complementarity-constrained nonlinear optimization model for the time-dependent control of district heating networks. The main physical aspects of water and heat flow in these networks are governed by nonlinear and hyperbolic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-04-22 Richard Krug , Volker Mehrmann , Martin Schmidt

A thermal convection loop is a circular chamber filled with water, heated on the bottom half and cooled on the top half. With sufficiently large forcing of heat, the direction of fluid flow in the loop oscillates chaotically, forming an…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2016-06-24 Andrew J. Reagan

Data Centers are huge power consumers, both because of the energy required for computation and the cooling needed to keep servers below thermal redlining. The most common technique to minimize cooling costs is increasing data room…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Marina Zapater , José L. Risco-Martín , Patricia Arroba , José L. Ayala , José M. Moya , Román Hermida

This paper explores the development and practical application of a predictive digital twin specifically designed for condition monitoring, using advanced mathematical models and thermal imaging techniques. Our work presents a comprehensive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Daniel Menges , Florian Stadtmann , Henrik Jordheim , Adil Rasheed

Digital Twins promise to deliver a step-change in distribution system operations and planning, but there are few real-world examples that explore the challenges of combining imperfect model and measurement data, and then use these as the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-21 Matthew Deakin , Marta Vanin , Zhong Fan , Dirk Van Hertem

Data centers (DCs) as mission-critical infrastructures are pivotal in powering the growth of artificial intelligence (AI) and the digital economy. The evolution from Internet DC to AI DC has introduced new challenges in operating and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Zhiwei Cao , Minghao Li , Feng Lin , Jimin Jia , Yonggang Wen , Jianxiong Yin , Simon See

This paper presents a topology optimization method for designing two-fluid heat exchangers under turbulent conditions using a Darcy flow-based low-fidelity (LF) model. The LF model is calibrated against a high-fidelity (HF) model based on…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-05-08 Hiroki Kawabe , Kaito Ohtani , Kentaro Yaji , Ryota Fukunishi , Akira Ogawara

Digital transformation in the built environment generates vast data for developing data-driven models to optimize building operations. This study presents an integrated solution utilizing edge computing, digital twins, and deep learning to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-08 Zhongjun Ni , Chi Zhang , Magnus Karlsson , Shaofang Gong

Laser-directed-energy deposition (DED) offers advantages in additive manufacturing (AM) for creating intricate geometries and material grading. Yet, challenges like material inconsistency and part variability remain, mainly due to its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Vispi Karkaria , Anthony Goeckner , Rujing Zha , Jie Chen , Jianjing Zhang , Qi Zhu , Jian Cao , Robert X. Gao , Wei Chen

We propose a \textit{guided multi-fidelity Bayesian optimization} framework for data-efficient controller tuning that integrates corrected digital twin simulations with real-world measurements. The method targets closed-loop systems with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Mahdi Nobar , Jürg Keller , Alessandro Forino , John Lygeros , Alisa Rupenyan

The rapid growth of data centres poses an evolving challenge for power systems with high variable renewable energy. Traditionally operated as passive electrical loads, data centres, have the potential to become active participants that…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-11 Mehmet Turker Takci , James Day , Meysam Qadrdan

Thermoelectric coolers (TECs) offer a promising solution for direct cooling of local hotspots and active thermal management in advanced electronic systems. However, TECs present significant trade-offs among spatial cooling, heating and…

Applied Physics · Physics 2024-07-17 Jiajian Luo , Jaeho Lee