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Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into users' daily lives, leading to a growing demand for personalized outputs. Previous work focuses on leveraging a user's own history, overlooking inter-user differences that are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Yilun Qiu , Tianhao Shi , Xiaoyan Zhao , Fengbin Zhu , Yang Zhang , Fuli Feng

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) demands increasingly reliable evaluation, yet current centralized evaluation suffers from opacity, overfitting, and hardware-induced variance. Our empirical analysis reveals an alarming…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yifan Yang , Jinjia Li , Kunxi Li , Puhao Zheng , Yuanyi Wang , Zheyan Qu , Yang Yu , Jianmin Wu , Ming Li , Hongxia Yang

The recent explosion of large language models (LLMs), each with its own general or specialized strengths, makes scalable, reliable benchmarking more urgent than ever. Standard practices nowadays face fundamental trade-offs: closed-ended…

Reliable evaluation of large language models is essential to ensure their applicability in practical scenarios. Traditional benchmark-based evaluation methods often rely on fixed reference answers, limiting their ability to capture…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Sujeong Lee , Hayoung Lee , Seongsoo Heo , Wonik Choi

Benchmark-based evaluation is the de facto standard for comparing large language models (LLMs). However, its reliability is increasingly threatened by test set contamination, where test samples or their close variants leak into training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Jianzhe Chai , Yu Zhe , Jun Sakuma

Comparative evaluation of several systems is a recurrent task in researching. It is a key step before deciding which system to use for our work, or, once our research has been conducted, to demonstrate the potential of the resulting model.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Sergio Gómez González , Miguel Domingo , Francisco Casacuberta

As large language models (LLMs) continue to advance, the need for up-to-date and well-organized benchmarks becomes increasingly critical. However, many existing datasets are scattered, difficult to manage, and make it challenging to perform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Eunsu Kim , Haneul Yoo , Guijin Son , Hitesh Patel , Amit Agarwal , Alice Oh

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) can enhance trustworthiness by aligning with human preferences. As human preference labeling is laborious, recent works employ evaluation models for assessing MLLMs' responses, using the model-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Rui Cao , Yuming Jiang , Michael Schlichtkrull , Andreas Vlachos

As conversational models become increasingly available to the general public, users are engaging with this technology in social interactions. Such unprecedented interaction experiences may pose considerable social and psychological risks to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Ekaterina Svikhnushina , Pearl Pu

While parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) techniques like Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) offer computationally efficient adaptations of Large Language Models (LLMs), their practical deployment often assumes centralized data and training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Sajjad Ghiasvand , Mahnoosh Alizadeh , Ramtin Pedarsani

Decentralized learning (DL) has gained prominence for its potential benefits in terms of scalability, privacy, and fault tolerance. It consists of many nodes that coordinate without a central server and exchange millions of parameters in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Akash Dhasade , Anne-Marie Kermarrec , Rafael Pires , Rishi Sharma , Milos Vujasinovic

Standard single-turn, static benchmarks fall short in evaluating the nuanced capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) on complex tasks such as software engineering. In this work, we propose a novel interactive evaluation framework that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Dimitrios Rontogiannis , Maxime Peyrard , Nicolas Baldwin , Martin Josifoski , Robert West , Dimitrios Gunopulos

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become powerful tools for annotating unstructured data. However, most existing workflows rely on ad hoc scripts, making reproducibility, robustness, and systematic evaluation difficult. To address these…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Eric Fithian , Kirill Skobelev

Fine-tuning the large language models (LLMs) are prevented by the deficiency of centralized control and the massive computing and communication overhead on the decentralized schemes. While the typical standard federated learning (FL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Zehua Cheng , Rui Sun , Jiahao Sun , Yike Guo

The pursuit of leaderboard rankings in Large Language Models (LLMs) has created a fundamental paradox: models excel at standardized tests while failing to demonstrate genuine language understanding and adaptability. Our systematic analysis…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Sourav Banerjee , Ayushi Agarwal , Eishkaran Singh

Large language models (LLMs) are powerful tools capable of handling diverse tasks. Comparing and selecting appropriate LLMs for specific tasks requires systematic evaluation methods, as models exhibit varying capabilities across different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Anna Sokol , Elizabeth Daly , Michael Hind , David Piorkowski , Xiangliang Zhang , Nuno Moniz , Nitesh Chawla

Decentralized learning has emerged as an alternative method to the popular parameter-server framework which suffers from high communication burden, single-point failure and scalability issues due to the need of a central server. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Guojun Xiong , Gang Yan , Shiqiang Wang , Jian Li

Evaluating large language models at scale remains a practical bottleneck for many organizations. While existing evaluation frameworks work well for thousands of examples, they struggle when datasets grow to hundreds of thousands or millions…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Subhadip Mitra

Large language models (LLMs) have become central to modern AI workflows, powering applications from open-ended text generation to complex agent-based reasoning. However, debugging these models remains a persistent challenge due to their…

With the rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) and their ubiquitous deployment in diverse domains, measuring language model behavior on realistic data is imperative. For example, a company deploying a client-facing chatbot must ensure that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Neel Jain , Khalid Saifullah , Yuxin Wen , John Kirchenbauer , Manli Shu , Aniruddha Saha , Micah Goldblum , Jonas Geiping , Tom Goldstein
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