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This paper addresses the challenges of training end-to-end autonomous driving agents using Reinforcement Learning (RL). RL agents are typically trained in a fixed set of scenarios and nominal behavior of surrounding road users in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Ahmed Abouelazm , Tim Weinstein , Tim Joseph , Philip Schörner , J. Marius Zöllner

The hallmark of human intelligence is the self-evolving ability to master new skills by learning from past experiences. However, current AI agents struggle to emulate this self-evolution: fine-tuning is computationally expensive and prone…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Shengtao Zhang , Jiaqian Wang , Ruiwen Zhou , Junwei Liao , Yuchen Feng , Zhuo Li , Yujie Zheng , Weinan Zhang , Ying Wen , Zhiyu Li , Feiyu Xiong , Yutao Qi , Bo Tang , Muning Wen

Large language models (LLMs) show an innate skill for solving language based tasks. But insights have suggested an inability to adjust for information or task-solving skills becoming outdated, as their knowledge, stored directly within…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Jerry Huang , Prasanna Parthasarathi , Mehdi Rezagholizadeh , Sarath Chandar

Agent skills, structured packages of procedural knowledge and executable resources that agents dynamically load at inference time, have become a reliable mechanism for augmenting LLM agents. Yet inference-time skill augmentation is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Zhengxi Lu , Zhiyuan Yao , Jinyang Wu , Chengcheng Han , Qi Gu , Xunliang Cai , Weiming Lu , Jun Xiao , Yueting Zhuang , Yongliang Shen

When deploying autonomous agents in the real world, we need effective ways of communicating objectives to them. Traditional skill learning has revolved around reinforcement and imitation learning, each with rigid constraints on the format…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-11-21 Mark Woodward , Chelsea Finn , Karol Hausman

Previous research has demonstrated the potential of AI agents to act as companions that can provide constant emotional support for humans. In this paper, we emphasize the necessity of autonomous adaptation in personal AI companionship, an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yi Cheng , Wenge Liu , Kaishuai Xu , Wenjun Hou , Yi Ouyang , Chak Tou Leong , Wenjie Li , Xian Wu , Yefeng Zheng

We study the emergence of agency from scratch by using Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents. In previous studies of LLM-based agents, each agent's characteristics, including personality and memory, have traditionally been predefined. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Ryosuke Takata , Atsushi Masumori , Takashi Ikegami

The language generation and reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have enabled conversational systems with impressive performance in a variety of tasks, from code generation, to composing essays, to passing STEM and legal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Konstantina Christakopoulou , Iris Qu , John Canny , Andrew Goodridge , Cj Adams , Minmin Chen , Maja Matarić

Social simulation is essential for understanding collective human behavior by modeling how individual interactions give rise to large-scale social dynamics. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled multi-agent frameworks…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yuwei Xu , Shulun Zhang , Yingli Zhou , Shipei Zeng , Laks V. S. Lakshmanan , Chenhao Ma

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have led to the creation of intelligent agents capable of performing complex tasks. This paper introduces a novel LLM-based multimodal agent framework designed to operate smartphone…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Chi Zhang , Zhao Yang , Jiaxuan Liu , Yucheng Han , Xin Chen , Zebiao Huang , Bin Fu , Gang Yu

Self-evolving large language model (LLM) agents continually improve by accumulating and reusing past experience, yet it remains unclear whether they faithfully rely on that experience to guide their behavior. We present the first systematic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Weixiang Zhao , Yingshuo Wang , Yichen Zhang , Yang Deng , Yanyan Zhao , Wanxiang Che , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate SQL queries from natural language questions but struggle with database-specific schemas and tacit domain knowledge. We introduce a framework for continual learning from human feedback in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Thomas Cook , Kelly Patel , Sivapriya Vellaichamy , Udari Madhushani Sehwag , Saba Rahimi , Zhen Zeng , Sumitra Ganesh

As more and more AI agents are used in practice, it is time to think about how to make these agents fully autonomous so that they can (1) learn by themselves continually in a self-motivated and self-initiated manner rather than being…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Bing Liu , Sahisnu Mazumder , Eric Robertson , Scott Grigsby

LLM-powered multi-agent systems can now automate the full research pipeline from ideation to paper writing, but a fundamental question remains: automation for whom? Researchers operate under different resource configurations, hold different…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Jinhang Xu , Qiyuan Zhu , Yujun Wu , Zirui Wang , Dongxu Zhang , Marcia Tian , Yiling Duan , Siyuan Li , Jingxuan Wei , Sirui Han , Yike Guo , Odin Zhang , Conghui He , Cheng Tan

Large language models are increasingly deployed in multi-turn settings such as tutoring, support, and counseling, where reliability depends on preserving consistent roles, personas, and goals across long horizons. This requirement becomes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Han Luo , Guy Laban

Recent advancements on Large Language Models (LLMs) enable AI Agents to automatically generate and execute multi-step plans to solve complex tasks. However, since LLM's content generation process is hardly controllable, current LLM-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Zelong Li , Wenyue Hua , Hao Wang , He Zhu , Yongfeng Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized Natural Language Processing but exhibit limitations, particularly in autonomously addressing novel challenges such as reasoning and problem-solving. Traditional techniques like…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Sumedh Rasal

Can large language model (LLM) agents reproduce the complex social dynamics that characterize human online behavior -- shaped by homophily, reciprocity, and social validation -- and what memory and learning mechanisms enable such dynamics…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Philipp J. Schneider , Lin Tian , Marian-Andrei Rizoiu

Current Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit a critical modal disconnect: they possess vast semantic knowledge but lack the procedural grounding to respect the immutable laws of the physical world. Consequently, while these agents…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Baochang Ren , Yunzhi Yao , Rui Sun , Shuofei Qiao , Ningyu Zhang , Huajun Chen

Coding agents are increasingly used as general-purpose problem solvers, but their flexibility does not by itself confer the domain expertise needed for specialized tasks. Recent work addresses this through \textit{agent skills}: reusable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Salaheddin Alzubi , Noah Provenzano , Jaydon Bingham , Weiyuan Chen , Tu Vu