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The increasing demand for deploying large Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models in resource-constrained environments necessitates efficient approaches to address their high memory and computational requirements challenges. Moreover, given that…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-10 HamidReza Imani , Abdolah Amirany , Tarek El-Ghazawi

In multi-GPU Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) network, experts are distributed across different GPUs, which creates load imbalance as each expert processes different number of tokens. Recent works improve MoE inference load balance by dynamically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Haiyue Ma , Zhixu Du , Yiran Chen

In this work, we aim to simultaneously enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) methods. To achieve this, we propose MoE++, a general and heterogeneous MoE framework that integrates both Feed-Forward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Peng Jin , Bo Zhu , Li Yuan , Shuicheng Yan

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures offer a scalable path for Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) in node classification tasks but typically rely on static and rigid routing strategies that enforce a uniform expert budget or coarse-grained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Jiajun Zhou , Yadong Li , Xuanze Chen , Chen Ma , Chuang Zhao , Shanqing Yu , Qi Xuan

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) face a fundamental adaptability challenge: their fixed message-passing architectures struggle with the immense diversity of real-world graphs, where optimal computational strategies vary by local structure and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Yunlong Chu , Minglai Shao , Zengyi Wo , Bing Hao , Yuhang Liu , Ruijie Wang , Jianxin Li

Mixture of Experts (MoE) architectures significantly enhance the capacity of LLMs without proportional increases in computation, but at the cost of a vast parameter size. Offloading MoE expert parameters to host memory and leveraging both…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Zeyu Zhu , Gang Li , Peisong Wang , Zitao Mo , Minnan Pei , Zhuoran Song , Xiaoyao Liang , Jian Cheng

Sparsely gated Mixture-of-Expert (MoE) has demonstrated its effectiveness in scaling up deep neural networks to an extreme scale. Despite that numerous efforts have been made to improve the performance of MoE from the model design or system…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Chang Chen , Min Li , Zhihua Wu , Dianhai Yu , Chao Yang

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture has been widely adopted in large language models (LLMs) to reduce computation cost through model sparsity. Employing speculative decoding (SD) can further accelerate MoE inference by drafting…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Liangkun Chen , Zijian Wen , Tian Wu , Xiaoxi Zhang , Chuan Wu

We present ScatterMoE, an implementation of Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (SMoE) on GPUs. ScatterMoE builds upon existing implementations, and overcoming some of the limitations to improve inference and training speed, and memory footprint.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Shawn Tan , Yikang Shen , Rameswar Panda , Aaron Courville

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) is a widely known neural architecture where an ensemble of specialized sub-models optimizes overall performance with a constant computational cost. However, conventional MoEs pose challenges at scale due to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Ted Zadouri , Ahmet Üstün , Arash Ahmadian , Beyza Ermiş , Acyr Locatelli , Sara Hooker

Mixture of Experts (MoE) is a popular framework for modeling heterogeneity in data for regression, classification and clustering. For continuous data which we consider here in the context of regression and cluster analysis, MoE usually use…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-06-30 Faicel Chamroukhi

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) is a neural network architecture that adds sparsely activated expert blocks to a base model, increasing the number of parameters without impacting computational costs. However, current distributed deep learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Siddharth Singh , Olatunji Ruwase , Ammar Ahmad Awan , Samyam Rajbhandari , Yuxiong He , Abhinav Bhatele

Recently, Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has become one of the most popular techniques to scale pre-trained models to extraordinarily large sizes. Dynamic activation of experts allows for conditional computation, increasing the number of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Zheng Zhang , Donglin Yang , Yaqi Xia , Liang Ding , Dacheng Tao , Xiaobo Zhou , Dazhao Cheng

Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models enable efficient scalability by activating only a small sub-set of experts per input, yet their massive parameter counts lead to substantial memory and energy inefficiency during inference. Analog…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Mohammed Nowaz Rabbani Chowdhury , Hsinyu Tsai , Geoffrey W. Burr , Kaoutar El Maghraoui , Liu Liu , Meng Wang

With the widespread application of Mixture of Experts (MoE) reasoning models in the field of LLM learning, efficiently serving MoE models under limited GPU memory constraints has emerged as a significant challenge. Offloading the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Songkai Ma , Zhaorui Zhang , Sheng Di , Benben Liu , Xiaodong Yu , Xiaoyi Lu , Dan Wang

Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) have emerged as a competitive alternative to autoregressive (AR) models, offering better hardware utilization and bidirectional context through parallel block-level decoding. However, as dLLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Zhiben Chen , Youpeng Zhao , Yang Sui , Jun Wang , Yuzhang Shang

Large language models (LLMs) based on transformers have made significant strides in recent years, the success of which is driven by scaling up their model size. Despite their high algorithmic performance, the computational and memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Ranggi Hwang , Jianyu Wei , Shijie Cao , Changho Hwang , Xiaohu Tang , Ting Cao , Mao Yang

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture is crucial for scaling large language models, but its scalability is severely limited by inter-GPU communication bottlenecks in multi-GPU systems. Although overlapping communication with computation…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Zhuoshan Zhou , Chen Zhang , Shuyi Zhang , Qijun Zhang , Haibo Wang , Zhe Zhou , Zhipeng Tu , Guangyu Sun , Yijia Diao , Zhigang Ji , Jingwen Leng , Guanghui He , Minyi Guo

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have gained popularity in achieving state-of-the-art performance in a wide range of tasks in computer vision and natural language processing. They effectively expand the model capacity while incurring a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Haiyang Huang , Newsha Ardalani , Anna Sun , Liu Ke , Hsien-Hsin S. Lee , Anjali Sridhar , Shruti Bhosale , Carole-Jean Wu , Benjamin Lee

Frontier models increasingly adopt Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures to achieve large-model performance at reduced cost. However, training MoE models on HPC platforms is hindered by large memory footprints, frequent large-scale…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Sajal Dash , Feiyi Wang