English
Related papers

Related papers: Tracking Capabilities for Safer Agents

200 papers

Type systems usually characterize the shape of values but not their free variables. However, there are many desirable safety properties one could guarantee if one could track how references can escape. For example, one may implement…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-05-26 Aleksander Boruch-Gruszecki , Jonathan Immanuel Brachthäuser , Edward Lee , Ondřej Lhoták , Martin Odersky

Open agentic systems combine LLM-based planning with external capabilities, persistent memory, and privileged execution. They are used in coding assistants, browser copilots, and enterprise automation. OpenClaw is a visible instance of this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Shiping Chen , Qin Wang , Guangsheng Yu , Xu Wang , Liming Zhu

Cybersecurity is a relentless arms race, with AI driven offensive systems evolving faster than traditional defenses can adapt. Research and tooling remain fragmented across isolated defensive functions, creating blind spots that adversaries…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Mudita Khurana , Raunak Jain

Agent performance is strongly shaped by the surrounding harness: the external execution system around a model that organizes a task run. Yet this logic is usually buried in tightly coupled controller code, which makes harnesses hard to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Linyue Pan , Lexiao Zou , Shuo Guo , Jingchen Ni , Hai-Tao Zheng

AI agents are beginning to interact with each other directly and across internet platforms and physical environments, creating security challenges beyond traditional cybersecurity and AI safety frameworks. Free-form protocols are essential…

Despite the growing capabilities of autonomous agents powered by large language models (LLMs), their adoption in high-stakes domains remains limited. A key barrier is security: the inherently nondeterministic behavior of LLM agents defies…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Adam AlSayyad , Kelvin Yuxiang Huang , Richik Pal

Managing stateful resources safely and expressively is a longstanding challenge in programming languages, especially in the presence of aliasing. While scope-based constructs such as Java's synchronized blocks offer ease of reasoning, they…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Songlin Jia , Craig Liu , Siyuan He , Haotian Deng , Yuyan Bao , Tiark Rompf

This paper introduces a run-time mechanism for preventing leakage of secure information in distributed systems. We consider a general concurrency language model, where concurrent objects interact by asynchronous method calls and futures.…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-02-26 Farzane Karami , Olaf Owe , Gerardo Schneider

Thanks to advances in large language models, a new type of software agent, the artificial intelligence (AI) agent, has entered the marketplace. Companies such as OpenAI, Google, Microsoft, and Salesforce promise their AI Agents will go from…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Deven R. Desai , Mark O. Riedl

The rise of AI agent frameworks has introduced agent skills, modular packages containing instructions and executable code that dynamically extend agent capabilities. While this architecture enables powerful customization, skills execute…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Yi Liu , Weizhe Wang , Ruitao Feng , Yao Zhang , Guangquan Xu , Gelei Deng , Yuekang Li , Leo Zhang

Autonomous agents based on large language models (LLMs) are rapidly emerging as a general-purpose technology, with recent systems such as OpenClaw extending their capabilities through broad tool use, third-party skills, and deeper…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Lukas Pirch , Micha Horlboge , Patrick Großmann , Syeda Mahnur Asif , Klim Kireev , Thorsten Holz , Konrad Rieck

Agentic AI systems represent a new frontier in artificial intelligence, where agents often based on large language models(LLMs) interact with tools, environments, and other agents to accomplish tasks with a degree of autonomy. These systems…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Sivasathivel Kandasamy

Tool-using agents increasingly operate in open-ended deployment environments, where they compose file systems, web APIs, code interpreters, and enterprise services at runtime. This creates a safety gap in tool composition: an agent can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Xiaochong Jiang , Shiqi Yang , Ziwei Li , Lifei Liu , Haoran Yu , Yichen Liu

Language-model agent systems commonly rely on reactive prompting, in which a single instruction guides the model through an open-ended sequence of reasoning and tool-use steps, leaving control flow and intermediate state implicit and making…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Pengcheng Wang , Jerry Huang , Jiarui Yao , Rui Pan , Peizhi Niu , Yaowenqi Liu , Ruida Wang , Renhao Lu , Yuwei Guo , Tong Zhang

AI scientists powered by large language models have demonstrated substantial promise in autonomously conducting experiments and facilitating scientific discoveries across various disciplines. While their capabilities are promising, these…

This paper systematically investigates the security, privacy, and ethical risks, as well as the traceability challenges of OpenClaw, a locally executable AI agent system for natural language interaction and real-world task completion. While…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Yutong Jin , Zelin Zhang , Zhijin Lyu , Jianbing Ni

To enable human oversight, agentic AI systems often provide a trace of reasoning and action steps. Designing traces to have an informative, but not overwhelming, level of detail remains a critical challenge. In three user studies on a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Madeleine Grunde-McLaughlin , Hussein Mozannar , Maya Murad , Jingya Chen , Saleema Amershi , Adam Fourney

When AI systems are granted the agency to take impactful actions in the real world, there is an inherent risk that these systems behave in ways that are harmful. Typically, humans specify constraints on the AI system to prevent harmful…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Travis Mandel , Jahnu Best , Randall H. Tanaka , Hiram Temple , Chansen Haili , Kayla Schlectinger , Roy Szeto

The object-capability model is a security measure that consists in encoding access rights in individual objects to restrict its interactions with other objects. Since its introduction in 2013, different approaches to object-capability have…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-07-19 Jörn Koepe

Computer-use agents extend language models from text generation to persistent action over tools, files, and execution environments. Unlike chat systems, they maintain state across interactions and translate intermediate outputs into…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Yunhao Feng , Yifan Ding , Yingshui Tan , Xingjun Ma , Yige Li , Yutao Wu , Yifeng Gao , Kun Zhai , Yanming Guo