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Foundation models (FMs) are catalyzing a transformative shift in materials science (MatSci) by enabling scalable, general-purpose, and multimodal AI systems for scientific discovery. Unlike traditional machine learning models, which are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Minh-Hao Van , Prateek Verma , Chen Zhao , Xintao Wu

Recent advances in remote sensing have led to an increase in the number of available foundation models; each trained on different modalities, datasets, and objectives, yet capturing only part of the vast geospatial knowledge landscape.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Joelle Hanna , Damian Falk , Stella X. Yu , Damian Borth

Mobile sensing systems have long faced a fundamental trade-off between sensing quality and efficiency due to constraints in computation, power, and other limitations. Sparse sensing, which aims to acquire and process only a subset of sensor…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Yiqin Zhao , Tian Guo

Foundation models, as a mainstream technology in artificial intelligence, have demonstrated immense potential across various domains in recent years, particularly in handling complex tasks and multimodal data. In the field of geophysics,…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-04-28 Hanlin Sheng , Xinming Wu , Hang Gao , Haibin Di , Sergey Fomel , Jintao Li , Xu Si

Building multisensory AI systems that learn from multiple sensory inputs such as text, speech, video, real-world sensors, wearable devices, and medical data holds great promise for impact in many scientific areas with practical benefits,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Paul Pu Liang

Foundation models characterized by extensive parameters and trained on large-scale datasets have demonstrated remarkable efficacy across various downstream tasks for remote sensing data. Current remote sensing foundation models typically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Zhitong Xiong , Yi Wang , Fahong Zhang , Xiao Xiang Zhu

Vision foundation models in remote sensing have been extensively studied due to their superior generalization on various downstream tasks. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) offers all-day, all-weather imaging capabilities, providing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Mengyu Wang , Hanbo Bi , Yingchao Feng , Linlin Xin , Shuo Gong , Tianqi Wang , Zhiyuan Yan , Peijin Wang , Wenhui Diao , Xian Sun

The rapid advancement of foundation models in medical imaging represents a significant leap toward enhancing diagnostic accuracy and personalized treatment. However, the deployment of foundation models in healthcare necessitates a rigorous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Congzhen Shi , Ryan Rezai , Jiaxi Yang , Qi Dou , Xiaoxiao Li

Foundation models are rapidly transforming Earth Observation data mining by enabling generalizable and scalable solutions for key tasks such as scene classification and semantic segmentation. While most efforts in the geospatial domain have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Man Duc Chuc

Remote sensing (RS) images from multiple modalities and platforms exhibit diverse details due to differences in sensor characteristics and imaging perspectives. Existing vision-language research in RS largely relies on relatively…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Huiyang Hu , Peijin Wang , Yingchao Feng , Kaiwen Wei , Wenxin Yin , Wenhui Diao , Mengyu Wang , Hanbo Bi , Kaiyue Kang , Tong Ling , Kun Fu , Xian Sun

We explore the scaling behaviors of artificial intelligence to establish practical techniques for training foundation models on high-resolution electro-optical (EO) datasets that exceed the current state-of-the-art scale by orders of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Charith Wickrema , Eliza Mace , Hunter Brown , Heidys Cabrera , Nick Krall , Matthew O'Neill , Shivangi Sarkar , Lowell Weissman , Eric Hughes , Guido Zarrella

The rise of foundation models has transformed machine learning research, prompting efforts to uncover their inner workings and develop more efficient and reliable applications for better control. While significant progress has been made in…

Advanced interpretation of hyperspectral remote sensing images benefits many precise Earth observation tasks. Recently, visual foundation models have promoted the remote sensing interpretation but concentrating on RGB and multispectral…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Jingtao Li , Yingyi Liu , Xinyu Wang , Yunning Peng , Chen Sun , Shaoyu Wang , Zhendong Sun , Tian Ke , Xiao Jiang , Tangwei Lu , Anran Zhao , Yanfei Zhong

Foundation models (FMs) have emerged as a transformative paradigm in medical image analysis, offering the potential to provide generalizable, task-agnostic solutions across a wide range of clinical tasks and imaging modalities. Their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Karma Phuntsho , Abdullah , Kyungmi Lee , Ickjai Lee , Euijoon Ahn

The advent of foundation models has revolutionized the fields of natural language processing and computer vision, paving the way for their application in autonomous driving (AD). This survey presents a comprehensive review of more than 40…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Haoxiang Gao , Zhongruo Wang , Yaqian Li , Kaiwen Long , Ming Yang , Yiqing Shen

Foundation models offer a promising route to transferable remote sensing representations, but many current approaches depend on very large pretraining datasets and fixed sensor configurations, limiting their suitability for ecological and…

Humans understand the world through the integration of multiple sensory modalities, enabling them to perceive, reason about, and imagine dynamic physical processes. Inspired by this capability, multimodal foundation models (MFMs) have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Xuehai He

Foundation models learn highly transferable representations through large-scale pretraining on diverse data. An increasing body of research indicates that these representations exhibit a remarkable degree of similarity across architectures…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Jianglin Lu , Hailing Wang , Yi Xu , Yizhou Wang , Kuo Yang , Yun Fu

Recently, Foundation Models (FMs), with their extensive knowledge bases and complex architectures, have offered unique opportunities within the realm of recommender systems (RSs). In this paper, we attempt to thoroughly examine FM-based…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Chengkai Huang , Tong Yu , Kaige Xie , Shuai Zhang , Lina Yao , Julian McAuley

Self-supervised learning through masked autoencoders has attracted great attention for remote sensing (RS) foundation model (FM) development, enabling improved representation learning across diverse sensors and downstream tasks. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Leonard Hackel , Tom Burgert , Begüm Demir
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