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The recent large-scale generative modeling has attained unprecedented performance especially in producing high-fidelity images driven by text prompts. Text inversion (TI), alongside the text-to-image model backbones, is proposed as an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Jianan Yang , Haobo Wang , Yanming Zhang , Ruixuan Xiao , Sai Wu , Gang Chen , Junbo Zhao

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a standard approach for post-training large language models and, more recently, for improving image generation models, which uses reward functions to enhance generation quality and human preference…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Yunqi Hong , Kuei-Chun Kao , Hengguang Zhou , Cho-Jui Hsieh

The image captioning task is about to generate suitable descriptions from images. For this task there can be several challenges such as accuracy, fluency and diversity. However there are few metrics that can cover all these properties while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Chao Zeng , Sam Kwong

The information noise-contrastive estimation (InfoNCE) loss function provides the basis of many self-supervised deep learning methods due to its strong empirical results and theoretic motivation. Previous work suggests a supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Patrick Feeney , Michael C. Hughes

Despite recent progress in text-to-image (T2I) generation, existing models often struggle to faithfully capture user intentions from short and under-specified prompts. While prior work has attempted to enhance prompts using large language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Mingrui Wu , Lu Wang , Pu Zhao , Fangkai Yang , Jianjin Zhang , Jianfeng Liu , Yuefeng Zhan , Weihao Han , Hao Sun , Jiayi Ji , Xiaoshuai Sun , Qingwei Lin , Weiwei Deng , Dongmei Zhang , Feng Sun , Qi Zhang , Rongrong Ji

Self-play fine-tuning has demonstrated promising abilities in adapting large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks with limited real-world data. The basic principle is to iteratively refine the model with real samples and synthetic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yibo Wang , Qing-Guo Chen , Zhao Xu , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang , Lijun Zhang

Recent advances in text-to-image (T2I) generation have achieved impressive results, yet existing models often struggle with simple or underspecified prompts, leading to suboptimal image-text alignment, aesthetics, and quality. We propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Ruibo Chen , Jiacheng Pan , Heng Huang , Zhenheng Yang

Text-to-image diffusion models have advanced towards more controllable generation via supporting various additional conditions (e.g.,depth map, bounding box) beyond text. However, these models are learned based on the premise of perfect…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Luozhou Wang , Guibao Shen , Wenhang Ge , Guangyong Chen , Yijun Li , Ying-cong Chen

Text-to-image generative models have recently garnered significant attention due to their ability to generate images based on prompt descriptions. While these models have shown promising performance, concerns have been raised regarding the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Meiling Li , Zhenxing Qian , Xinpeng Zhang

Tabular language models can generate synthetic tables by modeling rows as token sequences, but they are typically trained once with supervised fine-tuning and then used as static synthesizers. This is limiting because next-token likelihood…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yunbo Long , Tejumade Afonja , Guangya Hao , Alexandra Brintrup , Mario Fritz

Text-to-image generative models have made significant advancements in recent years; however, accurately capturing intricate details in textual prompts-such as entity missing, attribute binding errors, and incorrect relationships remains a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Amir Mohammad Izadi , Seyed Mohammad Hadi Hosseini , Soroush Vafaie Tabar , Ali Abdollahi , Armin Saghafian , Mahdieh Soleymani Baghshah

Reward design is a critical part of the application of reinforcement learning, the performance of which strongly depends on how well the reward signal frames the goal of the designer and how well the signal assesses progress in reaching…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-01 Yixiang Wang , Yujing Hu , Feng Wu , Yingfeng Chen

Recently, post-training methods based on reinforcement learning, with a particular focus on Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), have emerged as the robust paradigm for further advancement of text-to-image (T2I) models. However, these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Haoyuan Sun , Jing Wang , Yuxin Song , Yu Lu , Bo Fang , Yifu Luo , Jun Yin , Pengyu Zeng , Miao Zhang , Tiantian Zhang , Xueqian Wang , Shijian Lu

The lack of labeled data is a major obstacle to learning high-quality sentence embeddings. Recently, self-supervised contrastive learning (SCL) is regarded as a promising way to address this problem. However, the existing works mainly rely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Junhan Yang , Zheng Liu , Shitao Xiao , Jianxun Lian , Lijun Wu , Defu Lian , Guangzhong Sun , Xing Xie

Automatically evaluating the quality of image captions can be very challenging since human language is quite flexible that there can be various expressions for the same meaning. Most of the current captioning metrics rely on token level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-30 Chao Zeng , Tiesong Zhao , Sam Kwong

Text-to-image models are powerful for producing high-quality images based on given text prompts, but crafting these prompts often requires specialized vocabulary. To address this, existing methods train rewriting models with supervision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Hongji Yang , Yucheng Zhou , Wencheng Han , Jianbing Shen

In text-to-image (T2I) generation applications, negative embeddings have proven to be a simple yet effective approach for enhancing generation quality. Typically, these negative embeddings are derived from user-defined negative prompts,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Xiaomin Li , Yixuan Liu , Takashi Isobe , Xu Jia , Qinpeng Cui , Dong Zhou , Dong Li , You He , Huchuan Lu , Zhongdao Wang , Emad Barsoum

Despite significant progress in text-to-image generation, aligning outputs with complex prompts remains challenging, particularly for fine-grained semantics and spatial relations. This difficulty stems from the feed-forward nature of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Yinyi Luo , Hrishikesh Gokhale , Marios Savvides , Jindong Wang , Shengfeng He

Large Language Models (LLMs) often produce plausible but poorly-calibrated answers, limiting their reliability on reasoning-intensive tasks. We present Reinforcement Learning from Self-Feedback (RLSF), a post-training stage that uses the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Carel van Niekerk , Renato Vukovic , Benjamin Matthias Ruppik , Hsien-chin Lin , Milica Gašić

Customization of text-to-image models enables users to insert new concepts or objects and generate them in unseen settings. Existing methods either rely on comparatively expensive test-time optimization or train encoders on single-image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Nupur Kumari , Xi Yin , Jun-Yan Zhu , Ishan Misra , Samaneh Azadi