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Synchronizing words in classical automata theory provide a mechanism to reset any state of a deterministic automaton to a specific target state via a carefully chosen finite sequence of transition rules. In this work, we extend the concept…

This paper situates itself in the theory of variable length codes and of finite automata where the concepts of completeness and synchronization play a central role. In this theoretical setting, we investigate the problem of finding upper…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-12-26 Arturo Carpi , Flavio D'Alessandro

By using the Choi-Jamio{\l}kowski isomorphism, we propose two classes of coherence monotones of quantum channels based on the unified $(r,s)$-relative entropy and the sandwiched R\'{e}nyi relative entropy. Elegant properties of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-13 Jiaorui Fan , Zhaoqi Wu , Shao-Ming Fei

We study synchronizing automata with the shortest reset words of relatively large length. First, we refine the Frankl-Pin result on the length of the shortest words of rank $m$, and the B\'eal, Berlinkov, Perrin, and Steinberg results on…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-03-29 Andrzej Kisielewicz , Marek Szykuła

A word w of letters on edges of underlying graph Gamma of deterministic finite automaton (DFA) is called the synchronizing word if w sends all states of the automaton to a unique state. J. Cerny discovered in 1964 a sequence of n-state…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-20 A. N. Trahtman

A word $w$ is called synchronizing (recurrent, reset, magic, directable) word of deterministic finite automaton (DFA) if $w$ sends all states of the automaton to a unique state. In 1964 Jan \v{C}erny found a sequence of n-state complete DFA…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-03-24 A. N. Trahtman

In 1964 \v{C}ern\'{y} conjectured that each $n$-state synchronizing automaton posesses a reset word of length at most $(n-1)^2$. From the other side the best known upper bound on the reset length (minimum length of reset words) is cubic in…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2012-03-16 Mikhail V. Berlinkov

A word is called carefully synchronising for a partial deterministic finite semi-automaton if it maps all states to the same state. Equivalently, it is a composition of partial transformations equal to a constant total transformation. There…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Andrew Ryzhikov

An automaton is synchronizing if there is a word that maps all states onto the same state. \v{C}ern\'{y}'s conjecture on the length of the shortest such word is probably the most famous open problem in automata theory. We consider the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-10-18 Natalie C. Behague , J. Robert Johnson

We derive upper bounds on the rate of transmission of classical information over quantum channels by block codes with a given blocklength and error probability, for both entanglement-assisted and unassisted codes, in terms of a unifying…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-01 William Matthews , Stephanie Wehner

It is known that 2-state binary and 3-state unary probabilistic finite automata and 2-state unary quantum finite automata recognize uncountably many languages with cutpoints. These results have been obtained by associating each recognized…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Aleksejs Naumovs , Maksims Dimitrijevs , Abuzer Yakaryılmaz

A word w is called synchronizing (recurrent, reset, directed) word of a deterministic finite automaton (DFA) if w sends all states of the automaton on a unique state. Jan Cerny had found in 1964 a sequence of n-state complete DFA with…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2007-09-11 A. N. Trahtman

We present a few classes of synchronizing automata exhibiting certain extremal properties with regard to synchronization. The first is a series of automata with subsets whose shortest extending words are of length $\varTheta(n^2)$, where…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-08-04 Andrzej Kisielewicz , Marek Szykuła

We have improved an algorithm generating synchronizing automata with a large length of the shortest reset words. This has been done by refining some known results concerning bounds on the reset length. Our improvements make possible to…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-07-15 Andrzej Kisielewicz , Jakub Kowalski , Marek Szykuła

We survey results in the literature that establish the \v{C}ern\'y conjecture for various classes of finite automata. We also list classes for which the conjecture remains open, but a quadratic (in the number of states) upper bound on the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Mikhail V. Volkov

Quantum synchronizable codes (QSCs) are special quantum error-correcting codes which can be used to correct the effects of quantum noise on qubits and misalignment in block synchronization. In this paper, a new class of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-27 Shiwen Sun , Tongjiang Yan , Yuhua Sun , Tao Wang , Xueting Wang

We show that entangling capacities based on the Jamiolkowski isomorphism may be used to place lower bounds on the communication capacities of arbitrary bipartite unitaries. Therefore, for these definitions, the relations which have been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Dominic W. Berry

We present several infinite series of synchronizing automata for which the minimum length of reset words is close to the square of the number of states. These automata are closely related to primitive digraphs with large exponent.

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-11-25 Dmitry S. Ananichev , Vladimir V. Gusev , Mikhail V. Volkov

Instead of looking at the lengths of synchronizing words as in \v{C}ern\'y's conjecture, we look at the switch count of such words, that is, we only count the switches from one letter to another. Where the synchronizing words of the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-12-12 Henk Don , Hans Zantema

The quantization of the output of a binary-input discrete memoryless channel to a smaller number of levels is considered. An algorithm which finds an optimal quantizer, in the sense of maximizing mutual information between the channel input…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-05-16 Brian M. Kurkoski , Hideki Yagi
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