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Evolved cool stars of various masses are major cosmic engines, delivering substantial mechanical and radiative feedback to the interstellar medium through strong stellar winds and supernova ejecta. These stars play a pivotal role in…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-02 Andrea Chiavassa , Kateryna Kravchenko , Jared A. Goldberg

A major weakness in one-dimensional (1D) stellar structure and evolution modeling is the simplified treatment of convection, which leads to erroneous near-surface stratification and considerable uncertainties in predicted effective…

We compare simple analytical closure models of homogeneous turbulent Boussinesq convection for stellar applications with three-dimensional simulations. We use simple analytical closure models to compute the fluxes of angular momentum and…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2014-09-26 J. E. Snellman , P. J. Käpylä , M. J. Käpylä , M. Rheinhardt , B. Dintrans

This article reviews our current understanding of modelling convection dynamics in stars. Several semi-analytical time-dependent convection models have been proposed for pulsating one-dimensional stellar structures with different…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-01-18 Günter Houdek , Marc-Antoine Dupret

Stellar evolution codes play a major role in present-day astrophysics, yet they share common simplifications related to the outer layers of stars. We seek to improve on this by the use of results from realistic and highly detailed 3D…

Condensable species are crucial in shaping planetary climate. A wide range of planetary climate systems involve understanding non-dilute condensable substances and their influence on climate dynamics. There has been progress on large-scale…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-22 Xianyu Tan , Maxence Lefevre , Raymond Pierrehumbert

This paper describes a series of 3D simulations of shallow inefficient convection in the outer layers of the Sun. The computational domain is a closed box containing the convection-radiation transition layer, located at the top of the solar…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 F. J. Robinson , P. Demarque , L. H. Li , S. Sofia , Y. -C. Kim , K. L. Chan , D. B. Guenther

Hydrodynamics is nowadays understood as an effective field theory that describes the dynamics of the long-wavelength and slow-time fluctuations of an underlying microscopic theory. In this work we extend the relativistic hydrodynamics to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-05-27 Saulo M. Diles , Luis A. H. Mamani , Alex S. Miranda , Vilson T. Zanchin

Stellar convection is a non-local process responsible for the transport of heat and chemical species. It can lead to enhanced mixing through convective overshooting and excitation of internal gravity waves (IGWs) at convective boundaries.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-06-08 D. G. Vlaykov , I. Baraffe , T. Constantino , T. Goffrey , T. Guillet , A. Le Saux , A. Morison , J. Pratt

Vertical thermal convection is a non-equilibrium system in which both buoyancy and shear forces play a role in driving the convective flow. Beyond the onset of convection, the driven dissipative system exhibits chaotic dynamics and…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-11-27 Zheng Zheng , Laurette S. Tuckerman , Tobias M. Schneider

Both observations and numerical simulations show that stellar convective motions are composed of semi-regular flows of convective rolling cells and the fully developed turbulence. Although the convective rolling cells are crucial for the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 Yan Li

As a step toward a complete theoretical integration of 3D compressible hydrodynamic simulations into stellar evolution, convection at the surface and sub-surface layers of the Sun is re-examined, from a restricted point of view, in the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 W. David Arnett , Casey Meakin , Patrick A. Young

Extending our recent studies of two-dimensional stellar convection to 3D, we compare three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations to identically set-up two-dimensional simulations, for a realistic pre-main sequence star. We compare…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-01 J. Pratt , I. Baraffe , T. Goffrey , C. Geroux , T. Constantino , D. Folini , R. Walder

The three-point correlation function (3PCF) is a crucial probe of non-Gaussianity and nonlinear structure formation. We develop a thermodynamic framework for the galaxy 3PCF by closing the BBGKY hierarchy with a physically motivated…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-23 Sameer Choudhary , Naseer Iqbal

Progress in the theory of stellar convection over the past decade is reviewed. The similarities and differences between convection in stellar envelopes and laboratory convection at high Rayleigh numbers are discussed. Direct numerical…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 H. C. Spruit

Compositional convection is atmospheric mixing driven by density variations caused by compositional gradients. Previous studies have suggested that compositional gradients of atmospheric trace species within planetary atmospheres can impact…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-18 Namrah Habib , Raymond T. Pierrehumbert

We solve the nonlocal convection equations. The solutions for four model problems are compared with results of GSPH simulations. In each case we test two closure schemes: 1) where third moments are defined by the diffusion approximation;…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Scott Grossman

Present grids of stellar atmosphere models are the workhorses in interpreting stellar observations, and determining their fundamental parameters. These models rely on greatly simplified models of convection, however, lending less predictive…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Regner Trampedach , Martin Asplund , Remo Collet , Åke Nordlund , Robert F. Stein

Stars on the lower main sequence (F-type through M-type) have substantial convective envelopes beneath their stellar photospheres. Convection in these regions can couple with rotation to build global-scale structures that may be observable…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2011-07-01 Benjamin P. Brown

Turbulent convection models are thought to be good tools to deal with the convective overshooting in the stellar interior. However, they are too complex to be applied in calculations of stellar structure and evolution. In order to…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2013-07-16 Q. S. Zhang , Y. Li