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Reliable detection of deceptive behavior in Large Language Model (LLM) agents is an essential prerequisite for safe deployment in high-stakes agentic contexts. Prior work on scheming detection has focused exclusively on black-box monitors…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Snehasis Mukhopadhyay

As frontier language models are increasingly deployed as autonomous agents pursuing complex, long-term objectives, there is increased risk of scheming: agents covertly pursuing misaligned goals. Prior work has focused on showing agents are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Mia Hopman , Jannes Elstner , Maria Avramidou , Amritanshu Prasad , David Lindner

Monitoring Machine Learning (ML) models in production environments is crucial, yet traditional approaches often yield verbose, low-interpretability outputs that hinder effective decision-making. We propose a cognitive architecture for ML…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Gusseppe Bravo-Rocca , Peini Liu , Jordi Guitart , Rodrigo M Carrillo-Larco , Ajay Dholakia , David Ellison

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as autonomous agents in complex and long horizon settings, it is critical to evaluate their ability to sabotage users by pursuing hidden objectives. We study the ability of frontier…

Large Language Models are increasingly proposed as cognitive components for robotic systems, yet their opaque decision processes make it difficult to explain success or failure in closed-loop embodied tasks. Following an empirical AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Oussama Zenkri , Oliver Brock

We examine one particular dimension of AI governance: how to monitor and audit AI-enabled products and services throughout the AI development lifecycle, from pre-deployment testing to post-deployment auditing. Combining principles from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Parand A. Alamdari , Toryn Q. Klassen , Sheila A. McIlraith

Recent advancements on Large Language Models (LLMs) enable AI Agents to automatically generate and execute multi-step plans to solve complex tasks. However, since LLM's content generation process is hardly controllable, current LLM-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Zelong Li , Wenyue Hua , Hao Wang , He Zhu , Yongfeng Zhang

We present a framework in which a large language model (LLM) acts as an online adaptive controller for SIMP topology optimization, replacing conventional fixed-schedule continuation with real-time, state-conditioned parameter decisions. At…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Shaoliang Yang , Jun Wang , Yunsheng Wang

As autonomous agents become more capable of performing real-world tasks, distinguishing scheming behavior from benign task pursuit may become a central AI control problem. Existing monitors often rely on chain-of-thought access or internal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Aditya Sinha , Akshat Naik , Victor Gillioz , Simon Storf , Kilian Merkelbach , Rich Barton-Cooper , Axel Højmark , Marius Hobbhahn

High-risk industries like nuclear and aviation use real-time monitoring to detect dangerous system conditions. Similarly, Large Language Models (LLMs) need monitoring safeguards. We propose a real-time framework to predict harmful AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Maheep Chaudhary , Fazl Barez

Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4 have revolutionized natural language processing, showing remarkable linguistic proficiency and reasoning capabilities. However, their application in strategic multi-agent decision-making environments…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Chuanhao Li , Runhan Yang , Tiankai Li , Milad Bafarassat , Kourosh Sharifi , Dirk Bergemann , Zhuoran Yang

The performance of large language models (LLMs) depends on how they are prompted, with choices spanning both the high-level prompting pattern (e.g., Zero-Shot, CoT, ReAct, ReWOO) and the specific prompt content (instructions and few-shot…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Claudio Spiess , Mandana Vaziri , Louis Mandel , Martin Hirzel

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as task-oriented agents in enterprise environments, ensuring their strict adherence to complex, domain-specific operational guidelines is critical. While utilizing an LLM-as-a-Judge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Jingbo Yang , Guanyu Yao , Bairu Hou , Xinghan Yang , Nikolai Glushnev , Iwona Bialynicka-Birula , Duo Ding , Shiyu Chang

Prompt engineering is a challenging and important task due to the high sensitivity of Large Language Models (LLMs) to the given prompt and the inherent ambiguity of a textual task instruction. Automatic prompt engineering is essential to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Elad Levi , Eli Brosh , Matan Friedmann

Anomaly detection in computational workflows is critical for ensuring system reliability and security. However, traditional rule-based methods struggle to detect novel anomalies. This paper leverages large language models (LLMs) for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Hongwei Jin , George Papadimitriou , Krishnan Raghavan , Pawel Zuk , Prasanna Balaprakash , Cong Wang , Anirban Mandal , Ewa Deelman

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in collaborative settings, yet little is known about how they coordinate when treated as black-box agents. We simulate 7500 multi-agent, multi-round discussions in an inductive coding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Angelina Parfenova , Alexander Denzler , Juergen Pfeffer

Deploying large language model (LLM)-driven conversational agents in enterprise settings requires prompts that are simultaneously correct at launch and resilient to the non-deterministic behavioral drift that characterizes production LLM…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Keshava Chaitanya , Jahnavi Gundakaram

Despite the growing capabilities of autonomous agents powered by large language models (LLMs), their adoption in high-stakes domains remains limited. A key barrier is security: the inherently nondeterministic behavior of LLM agents defies…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Adam AlSayyad , Kelvin Yuxiang Huang , Richik Pal

AI agents are systems capable of perceiving their environment, autonomously planning and executing tasks. Recent advancements in LLM have introduced a transformative paradigm for AI agents, enabling them to interact with external resources…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Kaiwen Ning , Jiachi Chen , Jingwen Zhang , Wei Li , Zexu Wang , Yuming Feng , Weizhe Zhang , Zibin Zheng

Agentic AI has been a topic of great interest recently. A Large Language Model (LLM) agent involves one or more LLMs in the back-end. In the front end, it conducts autonomous decision-making by combining the LLM outputs with results…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Yuntong Zhang , Sungmin Kang , Ruijie Meng , Marcel Böhme , Abhik Roychoudhury
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