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Large Language Models (LLMs), with their exceptional ability to handle a wide range of tasks, have driven significant advancements in tackling reasoning and planning tasks, wherein decomposing complex problems into executable workflows is a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Shuofei Qiao , Runnan Fang , Zhisong Qiu , Xiaobin Wang , Ningyu Zhang , Yong Jiang , Pengjun Xie , Fei Huang , Huajun Chen

Large Language Model (LLM) Agents, often trained with Reinforcement Learning (RL), are constrained by a dependency on human-curated data, limiting scalability and tethering AI to human knowledge. Existing self-evolution frameworks offer an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Peng Xia , Kaide Zeng , Jiaqi Liu , Can Qin , Fang Wu , Yiyang Zhou , Caiming Xiong , Huaxiu Yao

While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in question-answering tasks, their performance is limited when the questions require knowledge that is not included in the model's training data and can only be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Abhigya Sodani , Lauren Moos , Matthew Mirman

Large language model (LLM) agent evaluators leverage specialized tools to ground the rational decision-making of LLMs, making them well-suited to aid in scientific discoveries, such as constrained retrosynthesis planning. Constrained…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Frazier N. Baker , Daniel Adu-Ampratwum , Reza Averly , Botao Yu , Huan Sun , Xia Ning

Training large language models (LLMs) with synthetic reasoning data has become a popular approach to enhancing their reasoning capabilities, while a key factor influencing the effectiveness of this paradigm is the quality of the generated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zhuojie Yang , Wentao Wan , Keze Wang

There is an increasing body of work using Large Language Models (LLMs) as agents for orchestrating workflows and making decisions in domains that require planning and multi-step reasoning. As a result, it is imperative to evaluate LLMs on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Harsha Kokel , Michael Katz , Kavitha Srinivas , Shirin Sohrabi

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has transformed information access and reasoning through open-ended natural language interaction. However, LLMs remain limited by static knowledge, factual hallucinations, and the inability to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Minhua Lin , Zongyu Wu , Zhichao Xu , Hui Liu , Xianfeng Tang , Qi He , Charu Aggarwal , Hui Liu , Xiang Zhang , Suhang Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant performance improvements across various cognitive tasks. An emerging application is using LLMs to enhance retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) capabilities. These systems require…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Satyapriya Krishna , Kalpesh Krishna , Anhad Mohananey , Steven Schwarcz , Adam Stambler , Shyam Upadhyay , Manaal Faruqui

Despite the rapid advancements in LLM agents, they still face the challenge of generating meaningful reflections due to inadequate error analysis and a reliance on rare successful trajectories, especially in complex tasks. In this work, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Yubin Ge , Salvatore Romeo , Jason Cai , Monica Sunkara , Yi Zhang

Generalization across Agentic tool-calling environments remains a key unsolved challenge in developing reliable agentic reasoning systems. While large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong performance on isolated benchmarks, their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Vishvesh Bhat , Omkar Ghugarkar , Julian McAuley

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a powerful approach that enables large language models (LLMs) to incorporate external knowledge. However, evaluating the effectiveness of RAG systems in specialized scenarios remains challenging due…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Kunlun Zhu , Yifan Luo , Dingling Xu , Yukun Yan , Zhenghao Liu , Shi Yu , Ruobing Wang , Shuo Wang , Yishan Li , Nan Zhang , Xu Han , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

With the increasing use of large language models (LLMs), ensuring reliable performance in diverse, real-world environments is essential. Despite their remarkable achievements, LLMs often struggle with adversarial inputs, significantly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Yuqing Wang , Yun Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated substantial progress on reasoning tasks involving unstructured text, yet their capabilities significantly deteriorate when reasoning requires integrating structured external knowledge such as…

As multimodal LLM-driven agents advance in autonomy and generalization, traditional static datasets face inherent scalability limitations and are insufficient for fully assessing their capabilities in increasingly complex and diverse tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Yurun Chen , Xavier Hu , Yuhan Liu , Ziqi Wang , Zeyi Liao , Lin Chen , Feng Wei , Yuxi Qian , Bo Zheng , Keting Yin , Shengyu Zhang

Automated theorem proving is fundamental to formal methods, and the recent trend is to integrate large language models (LLMs) and proof assistants to form effective proof agents. While existing proof agents show promising performance, they…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Yican Sun , Chengwei Shi , Hangzhou Lyu , Yingfei Xiong

Autonomous agents powered by large language models (LLMs) have the potential to significantly enhance human productivity by reasoning, using tools, and executing complex tasks in diverse environments. However, current approaches to…

Open-source pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit strong language understanding and generation capabilities, making them highly successful in a variety of tasks. However, when used as agents for dealing with complex problems in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Qinhao Zhou , Zihan Zhang , Xiang Xiang , Ke Wang , Yuchuan Wu , Yongbin Li

Large language models for code (i.e., code LLMs) have shown strong code understanding and generation capabilities. To evaluate the capabilities of code LLMs in various aspects, many benchmarks have been proposed (e.g., HumanEval and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Junkai Chen , Zhiyuan Pan , Xing Hu , Zhenhao Li , Ge Li , Xin Xia

Large language model agents are becoming increasingly capable at web-centric tasks such as information retrieval, complex reasoning. These emerging capabilities have given rise to surge research interests in developing LLM agent for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Yu Li , Lehui Li , Lin Chen , Qingmin Liao , Fengli Xu , Yong Li

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a framework in which a Generator, such as a Large Language Model (LLM), produces answers by retrieving documents from an external collection using a Retriever. In practice, Generators must integrate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Koki Itai , Shunichi Hasegawa , Yuta Yamamoto , Gouki Minegishi , Masaki Otsuki