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In the rapidly evolving field of artificial intelligence, multimodal models, e.g., integrating vision and language into visual-language models (VLMs), have become pivotal for many applications, ranging from image captioning to multimodal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Duy Phuong Nguyen , J. Pablo Munoz , Ali Jannesari

Fine-tuning has become a popular approach to adapting large foundational models to specific tasks. As the size of models and datasets grows, parameter-efficient fine-tuning techniques are increasingly important. One of the most widely used…

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is the bread and butter of Large Language Model (LLM) finetuning. LoRA learns an additive low-rank perturbation, $AB$, of a pretrained matrix parameter $W$ to align the model to a new task or dataset with $W+AB$.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Hai Huang , Randall Balestriero

Both full fine-tuning (Full FT) and parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods such as LoRA introduce weight updates without accounting for the spectral structure established during pretraining. As a result, noisy gradients from limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Yequan Zhao , Ruijie Zhang , Liyan Tan , Niall Moran , Tong Qin , Zheng Zhang

Foundation models have achieved great success across diverse domains, including remote sensing (RS), thanks to their versatility and strong generalization abilities. However, most RS foundation models are designed for multispectral data,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Bernardin Ligan , Khalide Jbilou , Fahd Kalloubi , Ahmed Ratnani

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is a crucial method for efficiently fine-tuning large language models (LLMs), with its effectiveness influenced by two key factors: rank selection and weight initialization. While numerous LoRA variants have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Haonan He , Peng Ye , Yuchen Ren , Yuan Yuan , Luyang Zhou , Shucun Ju , Lei Chen

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) and its variants are widely employed in fine-tuning large models, including large language models for natural language processing and diffusion models for computer vision. This paper proposes a generalized…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Xiangyu Chen , Jing Liu , Ye Wang , Pu Perry Wang , Matthew Brand , Guanghui Wang , Toshiaki Koike-Akino

Mixture of Experts (MoE) has become a key architectural paradigm for efficiently scaling Large Language Models (LLMs) by selectively activating a subset of parameters for each input token. However, standard MoE architectures face…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zehua Liu , Han Wu , Ruifeng She , Xiaojin Fu , Xiongwei Han , Tao Zhong , Mingxuan Yuan

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success across various tasks, accompanied by a continuous increase in their parameter size. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods, such as Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Peizhuang Cong , Wenpu Liu , Wenhan Yu , Haochen Zhao , Tong Yang

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) is widely adopted for downstream fine-tuning of foundation models due to its efficiency and zero additional inference cost. Many real-world applications require foundation models to specialize in several specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Jian Liang , Wenke Huang , Xianda Guo , Guancheng Wan , Bo Du , Mang Ye

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) in visual question answering (VQA) offer a unique opportunity to enhance intra-operative decision-making, promote intuitive interactions, and significantly advancing surgical education. However, the development…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Runlong He , Danyal Z. Khan , Evangelos B. Mazomenos , Hani J. Marcus , Danail Stoyanov , Matthew J. Clarkson , Mobarakol Islam

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) and its variants have shown impressive results in reducing the number of trainable parameters and memory requirements of large transformer networks while maintaining fine-tuning performance. The low-rank nature of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Paul Albert , Frederic Z. Zhang , Hemanth Saratchandran , Cristian Rodriguez-Opazo , Anton van den Hengel , Ehsan Abbasnejad

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) offers an efficient way to fine-tune large language models (LLMs). Its modular and plug-and-play nature allows the integration of various domain-specific LoRAs, enhancing LLM capabilities. Open-source platforms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Ziyu Zhao , Leilei Gan , Guoyin Wang , Yuwei Hu , Tao Shen , Hongxia Yang , Kun Kuang , Fei Wu

Cancer detection and prognosis relies heavily on medical imaging, particularly CT and PET scans. Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have shown promise in tumor segmentation by fusing information from these modalities. However, a critical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Numan Saeed , Shahad Hardan , Muhammad Ridzuan , Nada Saadi , Karthik Nandakumar , Mohammad Yaqub

Recent progress in the few-shot adaptation of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) has further pushed their generalization capabilities, at the expense of just a few labeled samples within the target downstream task. However, this promising,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Maxime Zanella , Ismail Ben Ayed

This paper investigates how to better leverage large-scale pre-trained uni-modal models to further enhance discriminative multi-modal learning. Even when fine-tuned with only uni-modal data, these models can outperform previous multi-modal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Chenzhuang Du , Yue Zhao , Chonghua Liao , Jiacheng You , Jie Fu , Hang Zhao

Due to the demand for efficient fine-tuning of large language models, Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has been widely adopted as one of the most effective parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods. Nevertheless, while LoRA improves efficiency,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Naibin Gu , Zhenyu Zhang , Xiyu Liu , Peng Fu , Zheng Lin , Shuohuan Wang , Yu Sun , Hua Wu , Weiping Wang , Haifeng Wang

Adapting large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks via full fine-tuning is increasingly impractical due to its computational and memory demands. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) approaches such as Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jing Gao , Zhong-Yi Lu , Pan Zhang , Ze-Feng Gao

We present a novel Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) method, dubbed as Adaptive Freezing of Low Rank Adaptation (AFLoRA). Specifically, for each pre-trained frozen weight tensor, we add a parallel path of trainable low-rank matrices,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Zeyu Liu , Souvik Kundu , Anni Li , Junrui Wan , Lianghao Jiang , Peter Anthony Beerel

The power of foundation models (FMs) lies in their capacity to learn highly expressive representations that can be adapted to a broad spectrum of tasks. However, these pretrained models require additional training stages to become effective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Jacob L. Block , Sundararajan Srinivasan , Liam Collins , Aryan Mokhtari , Sanjay Shakkottai