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We give first-order definitions of Campana and Darmon points in algebraic function fields in one variable over number fields. These sets are geometric generalizations of $n$-full integers (integers whose nonzero valuations are at least $n$)…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-07 Juan Pablo De Rasis

Universality is one of the most important ideas in computability theory. There are various criteria of simplicity for universal Turing machines. Probably the most popular one is to count the number of states/symbols. This criterion is more…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-06-18 Cristian S. Calude

Alternating parity automata (APAs) provide a robust formalism for modelling infinite behaviours and play a central role in formal verification. Despite their widespread use, the algebraic theory underlying APAs has remained largely…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-05-16 Anupam Das , Abhishek De

The Mean Field Approximation (MFA), or continuum method, is often used in courses on Networks to derive the degree distribution of preferential attachment networks. This method is simple and the outcome is close to the correct answer.…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-06-25 Matthijs Ruijgrok

We study the relative algebraic closure $K$ of $\bar{\mathbb{F}}_p((t))$ inside $\bar{\mathbb{F}}((t^{\mathbb{Q}}))$. We show that the supports of elements in $K$ have order type strictly less than $\omega^\omega$. We also recover a theorem…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-12-29 Victor Lisinski

Potential theory for rational approximation is reviewed by means of examples computed with the AAA algorithm.

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-01-03 Lloyd N. Trefethen

Semi-algebraic proof systems such as sum-of-squares (SoS) have attracted a lot of attention recently due to their relation to approximation algorithms: constant degree semi-algebraic proofs lead to conjecturally optimal polynomial-time…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Fedor Part , Neil Thapen , Iddo Tzameret

In many iterative optimization methods, fixed-point theory enables the analysis of the convergence rate via the contraction factor associated with the linear approximation of the fixed-point operator. While this factor characterizes the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-22 Trung Vu , Raviv Raich

Query evaluation over probabilistic databases is notoriously intractable -- not only in combined complexity, but often in data complexity as well. This motivates the study of approximation algorithms, and particularly of combined FPRASes,…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Antoine Amarilli , Timothy van Bremen , Octave Gaspard , Kuldeep S. Meel

The provability logic of a theory T is the set of modal formulas, which under any arithmetical realization are provable in T . We slightly modify this notion by requiring the arithmetical realizations to come from a specified set $\Gamma$.…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-06-19 Thomas F. Icard , Joost J. Joosten

This is the current form of lecture notes on my approach to field quantization. I explain on a simple scalar-field model the physical motivation and show some preliminary applications (field produced by a pointlike charge, the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2013-05-09 Marek Czachor

Motivated by fast matrix multiplication and recent connections between asymptotic tensor rank and fine-grained complexity, we revisit classical tools from the matrix multiplication literature and develop a framework for obtaining improved…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Josh Alman , Baitian Li

In this article we prove lower and upper bounds for class numbers of algebraic curves defined over finite fields. These bounds turn out to be better than most of the previously known bounds obtained using combinatorics. The methods used in…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-12-09 Philippe Lebacque , Alexey Zykin

In this work, we propose a new bounded arithmetic theory, denoted $APX_1$, designed to formalize a broad class of probabilistic arguments commonly used in theoretical computer science. Under plausible assumptions, $APX_1$ is strictly weaker…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Lijie Chen , Jiatu Li , Igor C. Oliveira , Ryan Williams

We exhibit canonical middle-inverse Choice maps within categorical (Free-Variable) Theory of Primitive Recursion as well as in Theory of partial PR maps over the Theory of Primitive Recursion with predicate abstraction. Using these…

Logic · Mathematics 2009-09-08 Michael Pfender

Asymptotics of maximum likelihood estimation for $\alpha$-stable law are analytically investigated with a continuous parameterization. The consistency and asymptotic normality are shown on the interior of the whole parameter space. Although…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-03-01 Muneya Matsui

This article studies the expressive power of finite automata recognizing sets of real numbers encoded in positional notation. We consider Muller automata as well as the restricted class of weak deterministic automata, used as symbolic set…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Bernard Boigelot , Julien Brusten , Veronique Bruyere

In this work we extend our study on a link between automaticity and certain algebraic power series over finite fields. Our starting point is a family of sequences in a finite field of characteristic $2$, recently introduced by the first…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-05-04 Alain Lasjaunias , Jia-Yan Yao

Superposition is an established decision procedure for a variety of first-order logic theories represented by sets of clauses. A satisfiable theory, saturated by superposition, implicitly defines a minimal term-generated model for the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2009-11-30 Matthias Horbach , Christoph Weidenbach

Parikh's Theorem is a fundamental result in automata theory with numerous applications in computer science: software verification (e.g. infinite-state verification, string constraints, and theory of arrays), verification of cryptographic…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Matthew Hague , Artur Jeż , Anthony W. Lin