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Research on generative systems in music has seen considerable attention and growth in recent years. A variety of attempts have been made to systematically evaluate such systems. We present an interdisciplinary review of the common…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Alexander Lerch , Claire Arthur , Nick Bryan-Kinns , Corey Ford , Qianyi Sun , Ashvala Vinay

Music editing plays a vital role in modern music production, with applications in film, broadcasting, and game development. Recent advances in music generation models have enabled diverse editing tasks such as timbre transfer, instrument…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Yash Vishe , Eric Xue , Xunyi Jiang , Zachary Novack , Junda Wu , Julian McAuley , Xin Xu

This paper introduces a novel recurrent model for music composition that is tailored to the structure of polyphonic music. We propose an efficient new conditional probabilistic factorization of musical scores, viewing a score as a…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-11-28 John Thickstun , Zaid Harchaoui , Dean P. Foster , Sham M. Kakade

Although multimodal fusion has made significant progress, its advancement is severely hindered by the lack of adequate evaluation benchmarks. Current fusion methods are typically evaluated on a small selection of public datasets, a limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Leyan Xue , Changqing Zhang , Kecheng Xue , Xiaohong Liu , Guangyu Wang , Zongbo Han

Aligning multimodal large language models (MLLMs) with human preferences often relies on single-signal, model-based reward methods. Such monolithic rewards often lack confidence calibration across domain-specific tasks, fail to capture…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Radha Gulhane , Sathish Reddy Indurthi

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have broadened the scope of AI applications. Existing automatic evaluation methodologies for MLLMs are mainly limited in evaluating queries without considering user experiences, inadequately…

Deep learning models for music have advanced drastically in recent years, but how good are machine learning models at capturing emotion, and what challenges are researchers facing? In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of the…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Jaeyong Kang , Dorien Herremans

Preference-based reinforcement learning (PbRL) is the dominant framework for aligning AI systems to human preferences. However, evaluation protocols for such data were designed for text and have not been validated for speech. We present the…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Aaron Broukhim , Nadir Weibel , Eshin Jolly

Existing automatic music generation approaches that feature deep learning can be broadly classified into two types: raw audio models and symbolic models. Symbolic models, which train and generate at the note level, are currently the more…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-06-27 Rachel Manzelli , Vijay Thakkar , Ali Siahkamari , Brian Kulis

In the era of extensive intersection between art and Artificial Intelligence (AI), such as image generation and fiction co-creation, AI for music remains relatively nascent, particularly in music understanding. This is evident in the…

We have seen remarkable success in representation learning and language models (LMs) using deep neural networks. Many studies aim to build the underlying connections among different modalities via the alignment and mappings at the token or…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Daniel Chin , Gus Xia

In this paper, we propose Emotionally paired Music and Image Dataset (EMID), a novel dataset designed for the emotional matching of music and images, to facilitate auditory-visual cross-modal tasks such as generation and retrieval. Unlike…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Jialing Zou , Jiahao Mei , Guangze Ye , Tianyu Huai , Qiwei Shen , Daoguo Dong

Music motif, as a conceptual building block of composition, is crucial for music structure analysis and automatic composition. While human listeners can identify motifs easily, existing computational models fall short in representing motifs…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Yuxuan Wu , Roger B. Dannenberg , Gus Xia

Conditional Mutual Information (CMI) is a measure of conditional dependence between random variables X and Y, given another random variable Z. It can be used to quantify conditional dependence among variables in many data-driven inference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-10 Sudipto Mukherjee , Himanshu Asnani , Sreeram Kannan

Lyric-to-melody generation is a highly challenging task in the field of AI music generation. Due to the difficulty of learning strict yet weak correlations between lyrics and melodies, previous methods have suffered from weak…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-16 Li Chai , Donglin Wang

To train a machine learning model is necessary to take numerous decisions about many options for each process involved, in the field of sequence generation and more specifically of music composition, the nature of the problem helps to…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-01-20 Sebastian Garcia-Valencia , Alejandro Betancourt , Juan G. Lalinde-Pulido

Attempts to use generative models for music generation have been common in recent years, and some of them have achieved good results. Pieces generated by some of these models are almost indistinguishable from those being composed by human…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-11-26 You Li , Zhuowen Lin

We introduce anticipation: a method for constructing a controllable generative model of a temporal point process (the event process) conditioned asynchronously on realizations of a second, correlated process (the control process). We…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-07-29 John Thickstun , David Hall , Chris Donahue , Percy Liang

Despite the impressive advances in text-to-image models, they often struggle to effectively compose complex scenes with multiple objects, displaying various attributes and relationships. To address this challenge, we present…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Kaiyi Huang , Chengqi Duan , Kaiyue Sun , Enze Xie , Zhenguo Li , Xihui Liu

Composed Image Retrieval (CIR) is a multimodal retrieval task where a query consists of a reference image and a textual modification, and the goal is to retrieve a target image satisfying both. In principle, strong performance on CIR…

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